1 Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter

A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin.

2. The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person’s abilities and traits is called

• evolutionary psychology
• behavior genetics
• molecular biology
• biological psychology
• phrenology

3. Dendrites are branching extensions of

• neurotransmitters
• endorphins
• neurons
• myelin
• endocrine glands

4. The function of dendrites is to

• receive incoming signals from other neurons
• release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons
• coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
• control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain
• transmit signals to other neurons

5. An axon is

• a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system
• a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons
• an antagonist that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites
• the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
• a junction between a sending and receiving neuron

6. The longest part of a neuron is likely to be the

• dendrite
• axon
• cell body
• synapse
• myelin sheath

7. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the _______ of a single neuron.

• cell body to the axon to the dendrites
• dendrites to the axon to the cell body
• axon to the cell body to the dendrites
• dendrites to the cell body to the axon
• axon to the dendrites to the cell body

8. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a

• sympathetic nerve
• myelin sheath
• endocrine gland
• pituitary gland
• sympathetic vesicle

9. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of

• thresholds
• dendrites
• endocrine gland
• myelin sheath
• pituitary gland

10. The axon of a resting neuron has gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane. What is this characteristic called?

• myelin sheath
• threshold
• selective permeability
• action potential
• parasympathetic nervous system

11. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the

• reflex
• threshold
• synapse
• action potential
• refractory period

12. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called

• neurotransmitters
• neural networks
• synapses
• axons
• thresholds

13. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called

• hormones
• neurotransmitters
• synapses
• sensory neurons
• motor neurons

14. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the

• cell body
• synaptic gap
• axon
• myelin sheath
• threshold

15. Reuptake refers to the

• movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap
• release of hormones into the bloodstream
• inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane
• reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron
• the ending of the refractory period

16. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is

• depression
• muscular paralysis
• aggression
• schizophrenia
• euphoria

17. Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as

• dopamine
• epinephrine
• acetylcholine
• insulin
• endorphin

18.  José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of

• glutamate
• dopamine
• acetylcholine
• endorphins
• insulin

19. Alzheimer’s disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce

• dopamine
• acetylcholine
• epinephrine
• endorphins
• glutamate

20. An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ____ is linked to seizures

• glutamate
• GABA
• serotonin
• ACh
• dopamine

21. Migraine headaches are most closely linked with an

• oversupply of GABA
• undersupply of serotonin
• oversupply of glutamate
• undersupply of acetylcholine
• oversupply of norepinepherine

22. Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neural transmission. Where does this interference take place?

• axon
• cell body
• myelin sheath
• synapse
• hormones

23. What are the molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimic that neurotransmitter’s effects called?

• agonists
• antagonists
• endorphins
• endocrines
• action potential

24. Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?

• sensory neurons
• motor neurons
• myelin sheath
• interneurons
• axons

25. The body’s speedy, electrochemical information system is called the

• circulatory system
• threshold
• action potential
• nervous system
• endocrine system

26. The somatic nervous system is a component of the ______ nervous system

• peripheral
• autonomic
• central
• sympathetic
• parasympathetic

27. While you are hiking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the “fight or flight” response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away?

• somatic nervous system
• sympathetic nervous system
• motor cortex
• limbic system
• parasympathetic nervous system

28. A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a

• neural network
• action potential
• neurotransmitter
• reflex
• threshold

29. A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple

• endocrine glands
• endorphin agonists
• neural networks
• endorphin antagonists
• thresholds

30. The master gland of the endocrine system is the

• thyroid gland
• adrenal gland
• pituitary gland
• pancreas
• hypothalamus

31. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of an

• fMRI
• hemispherectomy
• ACh agonist
• brain lesion
• MRI

32. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

• amygdala
• hippocampus
• angular gyrus
• corpus callosum
• medulla

33. Which of the following structures in the brainstem help coordinate movements and lies above the medulla?

• reticular formation
• hippocampus
• pons
• thalamus
• hypothalamus

34. The medulla is to the control of ____ as the cerebellum is to the control of _____.

• eating; sleeping
• breathing; walking
• emotion; motivation
• memory; attention
• hearing; seeing

35. The reticular formation is located in the

• brainstem
• limbic system
• sensory cortex
• motor cortex
• cerebellum

36. Your ability to experience physical sensations is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your

• corpus callosum
• angular gyrus
• hippocampus
• amygdala
• thalamus

37. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the

• thalamus
• cerebellum
• reticular formation
• nucleus accumbens
• angular gyrus

38. Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?

• parietal
• temporal
• occipital
• frontal
• cerebral

39. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes tat controls voluntary movements is called the

• angular gyrus
• hypothalamus
• motor cortex
• reticular formation
• frontal association area

40. To trigger a person’s hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual’s

• motor cortex
• hypothalamus
• sensory cortex
• reticular formation
• limbic system

41. The association areas are located in the

• spinal cord
• brainstem
• thalamus
• limbic system
• cerebral cortex

42. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the

• limbic system
• sensory cortex
• reticular formation
• association areas
• sympathetic nervous system

43. In 1861, Paul Broca studied a stroke patient he called “Tan.” He was called this because as a result of brain damage, it was the only word he could pronounce. Based on Broca’s early work, which of the following brain regions is involved in speech production?

• angular gyrus
• left temporal lobe
• sensory cortex
• left frontal lobe
• auditory cortex

44. Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?

• sensory cortex
• angular gyrus
• association areas
• Broca’s area
• hypothalamus

45. Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?

• sensory cortex
• angular gyrus
• association areas
• Wernicke’s area
• hypothalamus

46. Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote

• phrenology
• neurogenesis
• hemispherectomy
• reward deficiency syndrome
• plasticity

47. Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw

• HE
• ART
• HEART
• EA
• nothing. They were unable to complete the task.