RBT Practice Exam 75 Questions Free

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Contents hide
1 RBT Practice Exam 2022 Free
1.1 How Many Questions Can You Miss On The RBT Exam?
2 RBT Mock Exam #1
3 RBT Mock Exam Questions and Answers
4 Missed Questions
5 RBT Discrimination Practice
6 Other Questions to Learn (167)
7 RBT Exam Study Guide Video
7.1 RBT Requirements
7.2 Historical RBT Examination Results
8 Sources

RBT Practice Exam 2022 Free

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Ben wanted to learn how to order his own meal at the local sushi restaurant. You worked with Ben on ordering a California roll from the menu on his own. Once Ben learned how to order the California roll, Ben started ordering chicken teriyaki, salmon rolls, and spicy tuna rolls from the menu. Ben's ordering is an example of __________?
In which of the following scenarios would duration be the most appropriate measurement?
Money, tokens, and praise are all examples of what type of reinforcement?
Use the graph below. What is the average frequency of elopement for Chad per session?
Jim recorded the following description in his session notes: "I presented the workbook to the client. The client rolled out of his chair, and onto the floor. He put both of his hands over his ears, and screamed "no" What is Jim describing?
Grace provides her client a break when she earns 5 tokens. Grace also provides her client with two bonus tokens before DTT starts. The bonus tokens represent extra minutes on break. Grace utilizes a FR3 schedule and a response cost. What type of procedure is a response cost?
Reinforcement and punishment are both acceptable interventions, but reinforcement should always be used whenever possible instead of punishment. Which of the following answer choices describes a potential problem with punishment?
John's parents really want him to enroll in school next year, but they are also considering homeschooling him for the first year or two. During your session, John's mom starts to ask you several questions about schooling and what you think they should do. What is the best response to John's mom's questions?
If you were to demonstrate a shaping procedure to a new RBT who asked for your help, what would the procedure look like?
Your client is overweight and is seemingly only motivated by food. Your client requested that you no longer use food as a reinforcer. After talking with your BCBA, what might be the best course of action?
Devin struggles starting and finishing games with peers. Your BCBA asked you to record data on peer play. It took Devin 6 minutes to start walking to the table when his peers asked him to play a game with them. Devin sat for 10 minutes, took 2 minutes in between turns, and then asked if he could be all done with the game 3 times. Which of the following answer choices represents the latency of Devin walking to the table?
RBTs are expected to stay in good standing with the BACB. This includes renewing their RBT license as required. Part of the renewal process is retaking the competency assessment. How often do RBTs need to retake the competency assessment?
Bonnie will always grab a cookie right before dinner. This leads to her refusing to eat her dinner, and engaging in escape-maintained behavior to get away from the table. Your BCBA creates an intervention that involves Bonnie's parents giving Bonnie two cookies after dinner if Bonnie does not eat a cookie before dinner. What type of intervention is this?
You spent the first month with your client managing behaviors and identifying reinforcers. This week, your BCBA wants you to identify what your client can and can't do in terms of skills. What procedure are you most likely going to implement?
AJ is a non-verbal 5-year-old who receives services in a clinical setting. AJ's team uses errorless teaching with him when working on receptive color identification, and matching. AJ will now wait for a physical prompt before selecting a color when given an SD. What best describes AJ he relates to prompting?
Understanding the function of a behavior is the first step to properly treating the behavior. Why is it crucial to understand the function of each behavior?
Yesterday, you were reviewing session notes from the past week. You start to notice that you and the other RBT on the team are running many of the skill acquisition programs differently. What is the most appropriate action to take in this scenario?
Which of the following answer choices best represents discrimination training?
You and your friends have a tradition where you set off hundreds of dollars of fireworks on the Fourth of July. Since you are preparing for your RBT exam, you want to measure one aspect of the fireworks. You are most interested in the length of time it takes to set off one firework after the last one went off. What would be the most appropriate measurement to use to track this?
Chris is allowed to stay at home by himself during summer vacation while his mom is at work. When his mom leaves in the morning, she gives Chris a list of items that she needs him to complete. What would be the best way for Chris' mom to measure whether or not Chris completed the entire list?
You are observing your client in a social setting on the weekends. Your BCBA asked you to record duration data for time spent talking to peers. For the first hour you recorded the following data: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 8 minutes, 12 minutes. What percentage of the first hour did your client spend talking to peers?
Bobby works with a 19-year-old client who wants to learn to shop for his own groceries. The client is able to make a list and locate the items, but struggles using the self-checkout machines at the grocery store. The client is able to scan the items, place them in the bag, and run his credit card, but sometimes forgets what button to push before running the credit card, and how to complete the transaction. When Bobby works on this with his client, Bobby lets the client do the check-out process independently, and only teaches the steps the client doesn't know. What type of task chain teaching is this?
Glen is running DTT with his client. Glen provides the SD, waits for a response from the learner, provides a prompt to the learner, provides feedback, and then pauses briefly before providing the next SD. What did Glen do wrong?
Tommy will make noises with his mouth while sitting in math class. When Tommy makes noises, his teacher will tell him to quiet down. Tommy continues making noises. This week, the teacher decides she is no longer going to say anything to Tommy when he makes noises. Now, Tommy is making the noises louder and more frequently. Which of the following answer choices best describes this change in behavior?
Punishment can be either socially mediated or automatic. Which of the following is the best example of automatic punishment?
Every 6 months Miranda receives her favorite bottle of wine from her boss as a thank you gift for her hard work throughout the year. The last two times Miranda received this gift, her siblings drank the entire bottle when they visited for the weekend. The next time her siblings visited her, Miranda hid the bottle and served other wine. What type of intervention did Miranda implement?
John is working on functions, features, and categories with his client. John taught his client that an apple fit into the fruit category. John's client now says "fruit" when he sees an apple. John's client also says "fruit" when he sees grapes, bananas, and pears. What is John's client demonstrating?
Your client engages in a repetitive behavior that looks like pinching his own arm. This has started to cause minor irritation to your client's skin. Your BCBA asks you to take partial interval data on your client's pinching. You are taking data across 6 30-second intervals. The following data was recorded for each interval: 1 instance, 8 instances, 0 instances, 5 instances, 9 instances, 11 instances. Using partial interval recording, how many responses would you record?
Susie loves to draw with her sister after school. However, Susie's sister will sometimes try to draw on Susie's paper. Whenever Susie's sister tries to draw on Susie's paper, Susie will get up from the table and tell her "I am done drawing with you." Susie's sister is now drawing on Susie's paper less than before. Susie getting up the table and telling her sister she isn't going to draw with her is an example of _____________?
Extinction, along with reinforcement and punishment, is a behavior change principle. Of the following answer choices, what does not accurately represent extinction?
RBTs are a major part of the service delivery team in ABA. What is the RBTs primary role in service delivery?
What measurement system in applied behavior analysis captures every instance that a behavior occurs?
Dan is working in a group home for adults. One of the residents of the group home wants to quit smoking. Dan gets together with his BCBA and they design a couple of different treatment options. One treatment option does not utilize punishment, while one does. The client wants to use the treatment option that uses punishment because they believe it will be more effective. What is the best course of action to take?
You work with a client four times a week for two hours each session. During your session, you take frequency data on your client's screaming behavior. Last week, your client screamed 4 times during session 1, 8 times during session 2, 6 times during session 3, and 10 times during session 4. What was the rate of screaming per hour for session 3?
The last three sessions your client's dad reported to you that the client is going to bed at midnight and waking up at 4am. What course of action should you take as the RBT?
Your BCBA has an assessment scheduled for next Tuesday. She asks you to assist her with part of the assessment. She wants you to conduct the initial indirect assessment. Which of the following answer choices would be most appropriate as an indirect assessment?
Dave is using a token economy to reinforce his client as his client completes math problems. Dave delivers a token every couple of problems that his client completes independently. What best describes this type of reinforcement?
You are teaching your client how to boil noodles for spaghetti. You prompt then to take out the pot, fill it with water, put it on the stove, turn the stove on, wait for the water to boil, put the noodles in, check the noodles to see if they are ready, and then you provide them praise as reinforcement for draining the noodles when done. What type of task chaining are you implementing?
If you are working with a client, and accidentally reinforce a behavior, what is the best course of action for you to take as an RBT?
A skill acquisition plan contains several essential components. First, a skill must be identified. Then a goal is created to address the skill. Next, a measurement procedure is identified to use to record data. What is the next step in a skill acquisition plan?
Which of the following is true about stimulus preference assessments?
Last week, you decided to start a diet. You aren't allowed to eat donuts at all during the week. On Saturdays, you allow yourself two hot and fresh Krispy Kreme donuts. Saturday morning you wake up and drive to Krispy Kreme. The "hot and fresh" sign is on, so you walk in and buy yourself two donuts. What is the SD for hot and fresh donuts in this scenario?
Jen works with a 6-year-old client three times a week. Whenever she is at the client's house, she will talk about the Las Vegas Golden Knights with her client's parents. Her client's parents know how much Jen likes the Knights, so they buy her a jersey the next time they go to the game. If Jen accepts the jersey, this would most likely represent a _____?
Registered behavior technician should be prepared to collect data. Which of the following answer choices is not part of preparing for data collection?
Our clients are protected by privacy laws and ethical codes. In order to remain within the ethical standards laid out by the BACB, who should you talk to about specific details of your cases?
There are advantages to permanent product recording. Which of the following answer choices best describes permanent product recording?
Fill in the blanks. Negative reinforcement involves ______ a stimulus which ______ behavior. Positive punishment involves _______ a stimulus which ______ behavior.
A skill acquisition plan is created to tech a client to use an ATM. The client is taught using a chaining procedure and is able to use their card at fake ATM machine at their house. What should the next step be in the plan?
Tina is a 4th grader in a general education classroom. Two months ago, Tina would get up from her seat several times during class for attention. A behavior plan that utilized extinction was put in place, and the behavior went away. Last week, Tina got up from her seat 10 times in one class. What is the most likely explanation for the behavior occurring again?
As an RBT, you will be involved in task analysis and behavior chains. What is the distinction between the two?
Jim's family goes out to eat quite often, but Jim is unable to order off the menu for himself. Viviana works with Jim at home on picking items on a menu, looking at prices, and communicating his selection to a waiter. The next time Jim goes to the restaurant, Jim orders a hamburger for himself. What did Jim exhibit at the restaurant?
Another name for the y-axis on a line graph is the _________?
Bill and his mother in law do not get along. Bill's wife notices that whenever her mother plans a visit, Bill immediately books a golf outing with his friends. What would you hypothesize is the function of Bill's planning a golf trip behavior?
Differential reinforcement is used to reduce behavior and teach skills in applied behavior analysis. Differential reinforcement can lead to ________?
RBTs have several roles in service delivery. Which of the following is NOT the role of an RBT.
If a functional behavior assessment indicates that the learner's behavior is occuring to access a tangible, how would you likely put the behavior on extinction?
Functional communication training is commonly used in ABA to teach clients how to communicate with those around them. During FCT you will reinforce successive approximations of desired communication. What is this called?
Brynn is working on functional communication with her daughter. She wants her daughter to make requests appropriately. Brynn will play a song that she knows her daughter does not like. Only when Brynn's daughter says "please stop playing this song" will Brynna stop playing the song. Stopping the song is ____________?
Your BCBA designs a token economy to use during discrete trial training. Your BCBA wants to target sitting in a chair, responding in a timely manner, and working promptly. Your BCBA instructs you to provide tokens every 3-5 correct responses. What answer choice accurately describes the reinforcement schedule you will be using?
RBTs are required to receive monthly supervision from a supervisor that is an approved provider of supervision. If you work 100 hours in April, what is the minimum amount of supervision hours you would need to meet requirements?
How would you explain shaping to a parent who does not know anything about applied behavior analysis?
You share a room with another RBT at the clinic where you work. The RBT asks you to discreetly take data on their client for 10 minutes to reduce reactivity. Every 60 seconds, you look up and check to see if the client is engaging in the target behavior. If the client is engaging in the target behavior, you mark it down as a response. What type of measurement are you implementing?
Blaine is sitting across from Tony. Blaine looks at Tony, says, "what is 2+4?" Tony says, "7." If Blaine is using discrete trial teaching, and wants to use a visual prompt, how should he respond?
You are given a bag of items to bring to your client's home on your first day of service. The bag contains a variety of stimuli that is age appropriate for your client. If you wanted to conduct a preference assessment using all the stimuli at once, what method would be most appropriate?
Your BCBA requested that you film a portion of your session for her to see. You comply, and film 10 minutes of session using your iPhone. Later on, while at dinner with your friends, you are showing your friends pictures on your iPhone and the video starts to play. Your client is clearly visible in the video. Have you maintained client dignity in this scenario?
Santa is making his list, and checking it twice. Once he checks it twice, he gives it to his Elves who prepare his sleigh with all the toys. Santa then checks to make sure all the toys are there. Santa is using what type of measurement?
You are watching the Olympics and keeping track of how many medals the USA has won. Counting the medals is an example of what type of measurement?
You just passed your RBT exam and are assigned your first case. Your client is a 13-year-old girl who engages in severe aggression towards others. Before you start the case, which of the following answer choices should be established?
Micah is generally well-behaved, but prefers staying up late with his family. Whenever Micah's mom says "time to get ready for bed," Micah will start to cry, and beg to stay up late. What function most likely describes Micah's response to mom saying "time to get ready for bed?"
Which of the following answer choices best describes behavior in observable and measurable terms?
Trash collection comes every Saturday in Sarah's neighborhood. When Sarah's husband leaves to play golf, he asks Sarah to put out the trash. Four hours later, Sarah hears the garbage truck coming down her street, so she rushes downstairs to put out the trash can. The sound of the garbage truck in relation to Sarah putting out the trash is a _______?
Jennifer has four children. She cooks them all breakfast each morning. Jennifer's 5-year-old son, who you work with in the morning, will throw his food at the other siblings while at the breakfast table. After an assessment, your BCBA determined that the food throwing was maintained by attention. Your BCBA instructed you to praise your client, and provide him with attention, every 2 minutes that he doesn't throw food. What type of intervention are you implementing?
Which of the following best represents an example of discontinuous measurement?
You spent the last month recording frequency data on how often your client insults their siblings. Your frequency data is broken down by the number of insults per session. You took data for a total of 10 sessions. If your BCBA asked you to graph this data, where would you record the frequency of insults data?
Jen's husband golfs every Sunday morning with his buddies. Whenever he comes home he leaves his muddy shoes in the middle of the floor and Jen scolds him. Jen decides she will now give verbal attention to her husband when he puts his shoes in the closet, and will ignore him when he puts his shoes in the middle of the floor. What procedure is she using?
Mary's session notes included the following passage: "When I arrived at session the client was eating breakfast. Mom asked him 3 times to pick up his trash and received no response. The fourth time she asked he screamed. The client was visibly frustrated at this point. I prompted the client to pick up his trash, and provided reinforcement upon completion." What should not be included in her session notes?
Your best friend is an RBT. She works at the same company as you, and works under the supervision of the same BCBA. You like your BCBA, but your friend doesn't agree with the feedback that the BCBA gives. When the BCBA gives her feedback, she ignores it, and doesn't implement it or improve her services. What has your friend failed to do?
Your client will occasionally scream at the top of their lungs. There are no clear antecedents or consequences. Your BCBA is attempting to figure out what the function of the behavior might be. Which of the following would NOT be the function of this behavior?
While conducting forced-choice preference assessments, you start to notice that your client always chooses the item on the right-hand side. If you wanted to avoid this, which of the following answer choices would be most appropriate?
Jake is a 12-year-old boy who lives at home with his dad. Jake will often interrupt his dad's work calls at inappropriate times. It was determined that the function of this behavior was attention from Jake's dad. Your BCBA instructs you to give Jake attention every 3 minutes continuously while Jake's dad is on a work call. What type of intervention does this most likely represent?
You are assisting your supervisor with parent training. During the training meeting, the parent mentions that getting ready for school is a constant struggle. Your BCBA recommends that the parent implement an intervention that allows the client to watch TV for 20 minutes in the morning if they get dressed and ready for school in a timely manner. Implementing this intervention establishes a __________?
Ben is asked to assist his BCBA with a new client assessment. The two arrive at the client's house and start to set-up. As they are setting up, the BCBA is asking the client "what's your name?", "what's 2+2?", "Can you spell dog?" What most likely explains what your BCBA is doing?
A new BCBA is assigned to a case that you have worked on for almost a year now. During the first supervision meeting, the new BCBA suggests you change how you are delivering reinforcement, and corrects the way you provide corrective feedback to your client. As an RBT, what is the most appropriate way you should respond in this situation?
As an RBT, you are required to be prepared for a session as described by the skill acquisition plan. Which of the following is NOT one way you should prepare for your session?
Your BCBA designs a new behavior plan to target your client's aggression. You implement it for two weeks, and then start to think that the plan isn't effective. What should you do?
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How Many Questions Can You Miss On The RBT Exam?

You have to answer at least 60/75 questions correctly. There are also ten pilot questions in the exam that do not count toward your score, so the exam ends up being a total of 85 questions. You will not know which questions are the pilot questions and which are the graded questions, so don’t freak out if you read a question that totally throws you off guard, as it may just be a pilot question that the BACB is testing to consider adding to the exam.

RBT Mock Exam #1

RBT Practice Test

RBT Mock Exam Questions and Answers

1. What is a multiple relationship?

  • Working with two clients at the same time
  • Working with two different clients
  • Having two different relationships with one client
  • Working with a client in the community and clinic settings

2. Which of the following is part of the RBT ethical code?

  • Be compassionate for the less fortunate
  • Be truthful and honest
  • Resolve all issues formally
  • If there is an issue, file a formal complaint immediately

3. A client gives you a bottle opener from their birthday party. What does the ethical code say you should do?

  • Refuse the gift and send a letter home that forbids future gifting.
  • Accept and use in front of them to make them feel good.
  • Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship.
  • Throw it away immediately.

4. What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?

  • Report to BACB within 24 hours
  • Do not report; this is not a fireable offense and your credential with remain in tact
  • Provide 2 weeks notice to employer
  • Report to BACB within 30 days

5. Which is considered confidential information per the BACB ethical code?

  • Information about a client that can be found online
  • Information about the people that RBT works with
  • Written records
  • Electronic records
  • All of the above

6. If you are not providing direct ABA services and are having a fun Friday, what should you do?

  • Do not make reference to, display, or otherwise use your RBT
  • Explain to parents that ABA was being performed under their RBT credential
  • Display your RBT certificate when requested
  • Bill since you have the RBT credetial

7. Your supervisor requests that you work with a new client who has behaviors you have never encountered. What should you do?

  • Refuse as you lack experience in this type of behavior
  • Request more training from supervising BCBA
  • Accept since you are contractually obligated
  • Politely decline

8. Which antecedent increases or decreases the value of a consequence?

  • Abolishing Operation
  • Establishing Operation
  • Motivating Operation
  • SD

9. You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?

  • Frequency
  • Duration
  • Latency
  • Inter-response time

10. How long the behavior occurs refers to what measurement dimension?

  • Duration
  • Momentary time sampling
  • Latency
  • Tally/ Count

11. John is recording data on aggression by counting the number of scratches left on his body after a session. What kind of measurement is this?

  • Duration
  • Time sampling
  • Continuous measurement
  • Permanent product

12. Escape, attention, tangible, sensory

  • Functions of behavior
  • Teaching strategies
  • Types of prompts
  • Dimensions of ABA

13. Determined by ABC Data

  • Prompt level
  • Duration
  • Function
  • Inter-response time

14. The breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps.

  • Discrete trial
  • Forward chaining
  • Stimulus control
  • Task analysis

15. Signals that reinforcement is available.

  • Sd
  • Sdelta
  • SR-
  • VR-3

16. Examples are food, water, sex, sleep.

  • Secondary reinforcement
  • Primary reinforcement
  • Sd
  • Consequence of behavior

17. Examples are money and tokens.

  • Primary reinforcement
  • Conditioned reinforcer
  • Economic reinforcement
  • Fiscal considerations

18. Increases the future likelihood of behavior.

  • Punishment
  • Motivation
  • Rewards
  • Reinforcement

19. Adding a stimulus which increases the future likelihood of behavior.

  • Positive reinforcement
  • Positive punishment
  • Negative reinforcement
  • Negative punishment

20. Verbal behavior with point-to-point correspondence.

  • Mand
  • Tact
  • Intraverbal
  • Echoic

21. Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.

  • Positive reinforcement
  • Positive punishment
  • Negative reinforcement
  • Negative punishment

22. Reinforcement is delivered on the average of every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur.

  • FI-2
  • FR-2
  • VI-2
  • VR-2

23. What are the four functions of behavior?

  • Toys, Edibles, Praise, and Aversion
  • Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles
  • Sensory Overload, Non-Compliance, Aggression, and Compliance
  • Automatic Sensory, Automatic Positive, and Social Negative

24. Verbal behavior of requesting

  • Mand
  • Tact
  • Echoic
  • Intraverbal

25. Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.

  • Positive reinforcement
  • Positive punishment
  • Negative reinforcement
  • Negative punishment

26. Tilda finished her session after being supervised by her BCBA. During the session, she recorded data on a paper data collection sheet. While she was cleaning up, she spilled a cup of coffee all over her data sheet, making it completely illegible.

What should Tilda do? Her company has strict policies regarding staff who fail to properly enter data at the end of a shift!

  • Tilda should not record any data for that session – that would be unethical. No further action (such as contacting her supervisor) is necessary – if a supervisor sees no data collected, they automatically know that coffee was spilled on the paper data sheet due to their experience with coffee and paper in the past.
  • Tilda should try her best to estimate the client’s performance on each skill target. After all, it wasn’t that long ago – she can probably remember everything alright.
  • Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future – perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.
  • Tilda should submit the coffee-stained paper data sheet to her supervisor during the next supervision session and resign.

27. What occurs before the behavior?

  • Antecedent
  • Response
  • Behavior
  • Consequence

28. Example, “do this.”

  • Sd
  • DRA
  • Sdelta
  • SR+

29. What occurs after the behavior?

  • Antecedent
  • Behavior
  • Response
  • Consequence

30. Tammy is a BCBA working at a behavior analysis clinic. She is creating a flyer for an exciting workshop event at her clinic, and wants to share it with all the families currently receiving behavior analysis services, so she mass emails (cc – carbon copy) the entire roster of active patients at her facilty.

What, if anything, is wrong with this situation?

  • This is fine and permitted by the BACB, within reason
  • CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.
  • Generally speaking, behavior analysis is not a “medical” field and therefore not required to respect privacy as federally mandated by the HIPAA act. However, this type of behavior is considered somewhat “unclassy.”
  • Sam should avoid sending out mass emails, as it’s very tacky

31. Tim, a BCBA, always writes his procedures in clear and concise terms so that his staff (and families, too!) can easily understand what is meant by his procedures. He provides complete and full definitions, and avoids using overly specific jargon when the person(s) who will be reading or implementing his procedures are laypersons.
Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe?

  • Applied
  • Behavioral
  • Technological
  • Conceptually Systematic

32. Start with most intrusive prompt.

  • Forward chaining
  • Backwards chaining
  • Most to least prompting
  • Least to most prompting

33. Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior.

  • Chaining
  • Shaping
  • Prompting
  • Reinforcing

34. Teaching a task analysis by teaching the first step first.

  • Forward chaining
  • Prompting
  • Backwards chaining
  • Fading

35. Start with least intrusive prompt.

  • Forward chaining
  • Backwards chaining
  • Least to most prompting
  • Most to least prompting

36. Teaching the entire task analysis at once

  • Total task presentation
  • Single task presentation
  • Discriminative stimulus
  • Forward chaining

37. Reinforcement provided on the average of every 5 correct responses

  • VR-5
  • VI-5
  • FR-5
  • FI-5

38. Reinforcement provided every 2 minutes in which behavior occurred.

  • VI-2
  • VR-2
  • FR-2
  • FI-2

39. Reinforcement provided every 10 minutes that behavior occurs.

  • FI-10
  • FR-10
  • VI-10
  • VR-10

40. MSWO

  • Multiple stimulus with replacement
  • Multiple stimulus without replacement
  • Multiple stimulus with operates
  • Multiple settings with replacement

41. FBA

  • free behavior assessment
  • functional behavior assessment
  • function of behavior analysis
  • Freudian behavior assessment

42. You provide reinforcement to your client for clapping, and ignore him when he hits.

  • Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
  • Differential reinforcement for lower rats of behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of other behavior

43. Reinforcing progressively lower response rates.

  • Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of other behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

44. Reinforcing progressively increasing rates of behavior.

  • Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of other behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior

45. Which of the following examples below is an example of a VARIABLE RATIO schedule of reinforcement?

  • Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull… sometimes on the 45th… but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can’t wait to hit the jackpot someday!
  • Every time Billy screams, his mother punishes him by taking away his toys for the night
  • Tim gives his students a treat from the candy jar every time they get a 100% on their tests
  • Individuals who pass the RBT exam are given a $50 bonus on their next pay check at ACME ABA company.

46. Withholding reinforcement for a target response

  • Variable reinforcement
  • Extinction
  • Punishment
  • Reinforcement schedule

47. Sometimes, behavior analysts will break down a complex chain of behaviors into smaller discrete steps to facilitate teaching.

The learner will then be taught to complete the steps in their logical order, with the completion of the previous step serving as the reinforcer for that step and the discriminative stimulus (SD) for the next step. Finally, the last step in the chain (terminal step) serves as the reinforcer for the whole chain.

What is this called?

  • Task Analysis
  • Task Step
  • Task Endurance
  • Task Sequence
  • A Recipe

48. An experienced RBT supervises other RBTs at work, due to a shortage of board certified assistant (BCaBA) and board-certified behavior analysts (BCBAs).

What, if any, ethical consideration exists here?

  • As long as the RBT is being supervised by a behavior analyst, there is no ethical concern here.
  • There is no ethical concern here – this is standard practice, as mandated by the BACB.
  • The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.
  • As long as the RBT practices lots of the free quizzes on this awesome website, they should be fine.

49. You’re about to start a session with a client. What do you need to do to be sure you’re ready to have a successful session (at the very minimum)?

  • You can probably just wing it. You’re pretty good at this, after all, and your memory is amazing.
  • A cup of coffee is all anyone really needs – if anyone tells you elsewise, they’re a liar or a tea-drinker.
  • You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you’re prepared to take data – clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!
  • Before the session, conduct a functional behavioral assessment and an informal preference assessment. Following that, draft a treatment plan while the client plays with an iPad.

50. What happens before/ immediately precedes behavior in data collection is known as the…

  • Antecedent
  • Motivation Operation
  • Preceding Stimulus
  • Setting event

51. How long a tantrum behavior occurs, how long it takes a client to do homework; what type of data collection is this?

  • Frequency
  • Duration
  • Interresponse time
  • Latency

52. Time between two successive responses.

  • Frequency
  • Duration
  • Intensity
  • Inter-response time

53. Record a + if behavior occurred at any point during the interval.

  • Momentary Time Sampling
  • Duration per Occurrence
  • Partial Interval Recording
  • Partial Interview Recording

54. When attempting to assess the function of a client’s behavior, what is often considered the “gold standard” for experimentally identifying function?

  • Ask yourself, “What are the A-B-C’s for this behavior?” Sketch it out, and write a functional response definition for the behavior and proceed with treatment. Trust your intuition!
  • Watch the behavior of interest occur in the natural environment; that should be sufficient.
  • Free operant or multiple stimulus assessment
  • Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function

55. Select the best definition for differential reinforcement, from the choices below:

  • A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall INCREASE in that behavior over time.
  • Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.
  • A stimulus that signals the availability of a reinforcer.
  • A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall DECREASE in that behavior over time.

56. A little boy is playing with his toys in his room. Holding one of his stuffed animal dolls, he looks at it and says “Zebra!”

Which elementary verbal operant does this scenario most likely describe?

  • Intraverbal
  • Echoic
  • Autoclitic
  • Tact

57. Teaching communication to replace problem behaviors.

  • Functional communication training
  • FIT
  • Differential reinforcement of other behaviors
  • FR-3 schedule of reinforcement

58. What occurs when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is no longer provided, resulting in the decrease of frequency of the behavior in the future?

  • Endangerment
  • Extinction
  • Pivotal Response Training
  • Negative reinforcement

59. For a child who is always picked up when they cry, not picking them up in the future would be an example of…?

  • Escape
  • Elopement
  • Extinction
  • Negative reinforcement

60. Which type of extinction procedure has the individual simply giving no outward signs or response to a behavior, such as eye contact, verbal/ physical responses?

  • Planned ignoring
  • Escape extinction
  • Functional communication training
  • Positive reinforcement

61. A child is taught to raise their hand as an alternative to yelling out in class. Which type of differential reinforcement does this example represent?

  • Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
  • Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior
  • Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors
  • Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

62. Classical conditioning is also commonly referred to as…

  • Reflex Reaction
  • Operant Conditioning
  • Learning
  • Pavolovian Conditioning

63. For a child who is scratching his skin, extinction can be used by the child wearing a glove, preventing the contact of the sensory stimulation that comes from scratching the skin. Which type of extinction does this represent?

  • Sensory extinction
  • Escape extinction
  • Attention extinction
  • Functional communication training

64. A neutral stimulus can become conditioned by pairing this stimulus with an unconditioned or previously conditioned stimulus. True or false?

  • True
  • False

65. The sign being illuminated at your favorite restaurnt says “open.” The open sign signals he availability of stopping, as it indicates that the behavior of going into the restaurant will be reinforced by the delivery of food. What type of stimulus is this an example of?

  • Sd
  • Sdelta
  • Ds
  • SR+

66. This follows a response and increases the probability of that response occurring again in the future.

  • Punishment
  • Reinforcement
  • Consequence
  • Stimulus

67. Adding something that will motivate a person to increase the likelihood that they will engage in the target behavior again. What type of reinforcement is this?

  • Positive
  • Negative
  • Continuous
  • Discontinuous

68. Food is an example of what type of reinforcer?

  • Unconditioned
  • Conditioned
  • Negative
  • Positive

69. Money is an example of what type of reinforcement?

  • Negative
  • Unconditioned
  • Secondary
  • Primary

70. Extremely bright lights, freezing temperature, electric shock are all examples of which punisher?

  • Conditioned
  • Unknown
  • Unconditioned
  • Secondary

71. Satiation is a term that refers to what?

  • An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus
  • An establishing operation (value increase) of a reinforcer due to it’s scarcity
  • A stimulus that is aversive or non-preferred
  • To be at capacity or over-supplied

72. Which of the following is true about cumulative records?

  • Trends in a cumulative record can include a positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) slope
  • A combination of all frequency scores into a single “master score index” used in statistical analysis to compare frequency charts for different types of radical behaviors
  • Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior
  • Data is recorded once per session; downward slopes indicate a decreasing trend

73. Removing something that increases the future likelihood of behavior is called…

  • Negative punishment
  • Negative reinforcement
  • Positive punishment
  • Positive reinforcement

74. Present 5 easy/ mastered tasks in quick succession immediately before presenting an acquisition target.

  • Behavior modification
  • Behavior momentum
  • Behavior inertia
  • Functional community training.

75. Is exaggerating covered by the RBT ethical code?

  • Yes
  • No

76. How much time needs to pass before entering a relationship with a client or supervisor?

  • 2 years after the working relationship ends
  • 6 months after the working relationship ends
  • 1 month, as long as a personal relationship is established
  • Never

77. What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?

  • Report to BACB within 24 hours
  • Do not report; this is not a fireable offense and your credential with remain in tact
  • Provide 2 weeks notice to employer
  • Report to BACB within 30 days

78. When working with a client, whose preferences should take priority?

  • Parent
  • Teacher
  • BCBA
  • Client

79. If you become aware that a client’s legal rights are being violated, which of the following actions should you take?

  • Contact relevant authorities
  • Follow organization’s policies
  • Document efforts to address the matter
  • Consult with your supervisor
  • All of the above

80. Sally is an RBT working with a client named Jim. Jim tends to scream and bite his arm forcefully when presented with his token board, and sometimes when Sally opens up her laptop. Sally almost never opens up her laptop unless she’s about to ask Jim to do some of his table work activities.

What do you think the most likely function of Jim’s behavior is?

  • Sensory Overload
  • Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)
  • Access to Tangibles, such as preferred Items & activities (Socially Mediated Positive Reinforcement)
  • Escape from a painful stimulus, such as a headache! (Automatically Mediated Negative Reinforcement)

81. You are asked to collect data on aggression. Every time your learner agresses, you click the tally counter. What are you measuring?

  • Duration
  • Duration per occurrence
  • Latency
  • Frequency

82. You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?

  • Frequency
  • Duration
  • Latency
  • Inter-response time

83. For every third correct response, you deliver a preferred edible. What reinforcement schedule is this?

  • FR-3
  • FI-3
  • VR-3
  • VI-3

84. Which of the following is the LEAST unethical decision?

  • An RBT working with a family on community skills goals in a shopping mall is offered a gift by the family once they conclude their shopping trip. The RBT accepts the gift.
  • A family is going on vacation and wants to bring their RBT along to help their child work on goals while on vacation. The RBT can’t afford the trip, so the family decides to pay for their trip in order to bring them along. The RBT agrees, as this is a valid business expense.
  • A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.
  • A mechanic, who is the father of a child receiving behavioral services from an RBT, notices the RBT is having trouble starting her car. He offers to help her fix it at his shop for free. The RBT is grateful, and accepts the gift from the client’s father.

85. Response definitions, sometimes also referred to as operational definitions or behavior definitions, refer to a …

  • Objective, clear, concise, and complete description of a behavior of interest
  • Use laymans terms to explain to parents what type of function the behavior most likely possesses
  • Describe only the function of the behavior of interest
  • Provide a subjective, comfortable description of the behavior of interest

86. Escape, attention, tangible, sensory describe what?

  • Functions of behavior
  • Teaching strategies
  • Types of prompts
  • Dimensions of ABA

87. This signals that reinforcement is available

  • SD
  • Sdelta
  • SR-
  • VR-3

88. This increases the future likelihood of behavior.

  • Punishment
  • Motivation
  • Rewards
  • Reinforcement

89. Reinforcement is delivered on average every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur. What reinforcement schedule is this?

  • FI-2
  • FR-2
  • VI-2
  • VR-2

90. Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior

  • Chaining
  • Shaping
  • Prompting
  • Reinforcing

91. When you start with least intrusive prompt.

  • Forward chaining
  • Backwards chaining
  • Least to most prompting
  • Most to least prompting

92. Which of the following is the best example of maintaining client dignity?

  • Sharing a client’s private information with other RBTs
  • Explaining to the waitress that your client has autism during a CBI
  • Not restricting the client’s right to food or water
  • Sharing a client’s information with a peer

93. When preparing for data collection, a RBT should do all of the following except:

  • Identify the target(s) behavior
  • Prepare materials prior to the start of the session
  • Have a 1:1 meeting with the parent to discuss assessment results and goals
  • Review client programming before starting a session

94. Your BCBA instructs you to take data on how many times your client engages in verbal refusal in 30-minute intervals. What type of data collection use?

  • Frequency
  • Partial interval recording
  • Count
  • Rate

95. Your BCBA instructs you that he/she wants you to record how long your clients’ tantrums last. What type of data collection would you use?

  • Duration
  • Rate
  • Whole interval recording
  • Latency

96. The RBT recorded 18 instances of the child throwing items in the classroom. What type of continuous measurement procedure is the RBT implementing?

  • Rate
  • Duration
  • Latency
  • Frequency

97. The BCBA instructs you to measure the time between the end of one response to the beginning of the same response. What continuous measurement procedure is being implemented?

  • Latency
  • Whole Interval
  • IRT
  • Duration

98. All of the following are discontinuous measurement procedures, except:

  • Whole interval recording
  • Momentary time sampling
  • Partial Interval recording
  • Inter-response time

99. Which measurement procedure is being used if the observer is recording if the target behavior occurred at any point in the interval?

  • Interval by interval recording
  • Partial interval recording
  • Whole interval recording
  • Momentary time sampling

100. A RBT sets a timer for 2 minutes. When the 2-minute timer goes off, the RBT looks up immediately to see if their client is sitting in their seat.

  • Momentary time sampling
  • Whole interval recording
  • Partial interval recording
  • Latency

Missed Questions

 

Gene, A preschooler, is a thumbsucker. The teacher finds it unsanitary and has asked a BCBA working with the preschool to help her decrease the thumb sucking. The BCBA asks you to take baseline data. Which measurement dimension would be most useful to the BCBA when they design an intervention?
Duration, or how much time during the day Gene is sucking her thumb.
 
RBT’s will often be charged with helping clients increase their current repertoire of skills. Skill acquisition plans are aimed to do just that. Components of a successful plan include: identifying the deficit, create a goal to address the deficit, establish a data measurement system, take baseline data, select and implement an acquisition procedure, then collect data to assess effectiveness of the procedure. The final step would likely be…..
modify existing plan based on assessment data
 
As an RBT you may come across many variations of Behavior Reduction Plans or Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs). However, all good plans should include: Intro/ Background info, descriptions of behaviors, hypothesized functions, functionally equivalent replacement behaviors, skill acquisition strategies, antecedent prevention strategies, and…..
Reaction strategies, measurement systems, system of reinforcement
 
A discrimination stimulus is…
something in the environment that either evokes or abates behavior and a signal that reinforcement is available
 
A good skill acquisition plan will include an objective, criteria for mastery, how to teach the skill and necessary prompts, as well as stating…
specific roles of those working with the client
 
Which of the following would be the best addition to objective session notes?
Client performed 3 of 5 given tasks with 100% mastery
 
When generating session notes, RBTs should be aware of…
objectively and lack of personal bias
 
What is the role of the RBT in the service delivery system?
implement behavior intervention plan
 
When Behavioral professional speak of ethics they are talking about….
accepted standards of behavior, doing what is right
 
The measure of a permanent product looks at…
production
 
The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of Behavior Analyst devotes an entire section to Behavior Analyst’s Responsibility to clients. All are appropriate except….
talk to parents or caregivers, not the clients
 
RBT are likely to be the ABA professionals who are implementing skill acquisition plans. In order to prepare and plan for a session, RBTs should always …….. , before collecting their materials, including data tracking forms.
review session notes from the previous session, and decide how to proceed with the current session

RBT Discrimination Practice

 
Discrimination Definition
When you engage in behavior under certain circumstances and not under other circumstances
Antecedents & Consequences of a behavior help us learn to make discriminations
Behavior occurs in presence of specific situations or contexts in which they were reinforced in the past
 
Examples of making a discrimination
Ex. Apple, that’s an apple, vs that’s a cat
stop at red light, not at green light
good morning in morning but not at night
 
Making Discriminations
Ex Julia-borrow car, mom says yes, dad says no, more likely to ask mom
Engaging in a discrimination because of the different consequences that were applied to the same behavior
Julia’s behavior is under stimulus control
Behavior occurs in the presence of specific contexts in which they were reinforced in the past
 
Discrimination Training
The result of discrimination training is stimulus control
Discrimination training involved reinforcing some responses and not reinforcing other responses in the presence of some antecedent stimulus
 
To help student learn to make discriminations, you can teach more than one target reponse at a time
Ex. Labeling objects–label multiple items during training
The result of this discrimination training is stimulus control
 
Discrimination Training-Collecting & Analyzing Data
Collect data on the behvor being taught to make sure the teaching procedure is effective
Record response to each antecedent stimulus
Graph Data Collected
Analyze the Data

Other Questions to Learn (167)

 
Ethical
Pertaining to right and wrong in conduct. Being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice
 
Feedback and Reflection
Respond appropriately to feedback and maintain or improve performance. Take feedback and be a reflective practitioner.
 
Communication
Communication with stakeholders as authorized.
Follow protocol of how to communicate.
Communicate effectively with all team members.
 
Professional Boundaries
Avoid dual relationships, conflicts of interest, social media contacts. Always take notes.
 
Client Dignity
Be respectful and thoughtful about the client’s needs and wants.
Never do or say anything to cause embarrassment to the client.
Do not do something in front of your client that you would not do if working with a typical developing child.
 
How to Prepare for Data Collection
1. Read data from last session
2. Prepare material and programs for current session based on data from last session.
3. Determine what programs you plan to work on during the session.
4. Gather materials for those programs.
5. Set up the first set of programs so they are ready for the client when you begin your session.
 
The Role of the RBT in the Service Delivery System
Implement measurement, assessment, skill acquisition, behavior reduction, documentation and reporting, and maintain professional conduct in the scope of the practice under the direct supervision of a BCBA or BCaBA.
 
RBT Assisting with Individual Assessment Procedures
The RBT can interview stakeholders, gather baseline data by observing the client’s behaviors in his/her natural environment, or probe client by asking them to perform a task we are unsure they can perform without providing assistance.
 
Dealing with Stakeholders
The RBT should only communicate with stakeholders as authorized by the supervisor. Any specific questions should be deferred to the BCBA or BCaBA. If you do communicate you must be objective, use behavioral language, avoid speculation, stick to topic appropriate for an RBT.
 
Assist Training Stakeholders
RBT can assist with training stakeholders by giving them instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard to behavioral skills training.
 
Report Other Variables
illness, relocation or change in medication.
 
Components of a Written Behavior Plan
1. Identify, describe, create a goal for a behavior in observable terms.
2. Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior.
3. Identify hypothesis of function of behavior.
4. Identify possible replacement behaviors.
5. Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions.
6. Create crisis intervention plan.
7. Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance procedures.
 
Skill Acquisition Plan
7 Components
1. Identify the skill deficit
2. Create a goal to address the deficit
3. Establish a data measurement system
4. Take baseline data (Assess current skill level)
5. Select and implement an acquisition procedure.
6. Collect data to assess effectiveness of the procedure.
7. Modify existing plan based on assessment data. (Modify, if necessary) to maintain/increase effectiveness)
 
Prepare for Skill Acquisition Plan
1. Determine what occurred last session to decide where to start.
2. Select skill acquisition procedures to complete during session.
3. Prepare materials you will need for the skill acquisition (including data collection protocols).
 
5 Dimensions we can Shape
1. Topography
2. Frequency
3. Latency
4. Duration
5. Amplitude/Intensity
 
Applied Behavior Analysis
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
The scientific study of principles of learning and behavior.
 
Behavior
An activity of living organisms.
What an individual does (how they respond in the situation).
It is observable and measurable.
 
Response
Specific instance of behavior.
4 types of Responses:
1. Correct
2. Incorrect
3. Non-Response
4. Prompted
 
Respondent Behavior
Untaught or unconditioned responses. Reflex.
 
Respondent Conditioning
New stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit responses.
Occurs through pairing of two stimuli.
Stimulus – Stimulus Pairing (S – S)
 
Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response.
i.e. Food is an unconditioned stimulus for a hungry animal and salivation is the unconditioned response.
 
Unconditioned Response
A behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus.
i.e. Dogs salivating in the presence of food; yelping upon being bitten by an insect.
 
Conditioned Stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.
 
Conditioned Response
A behavior that does not come naturally, but must be learned by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
 
Unconditioned Reinforcers
(AKA primary reinforcers) Stimuli that do not require learning. (i.e. food, water, warmth, sleep, sexual stimulation)
 
Conditioned Reinforcers
(AKA secondary reinforcers) Neutral stimuli that have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers, or other conditioned reinforcers and through repeated pairing become reinforcers themselves. (i.e. stickers, sound, people)
 
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers
Stimuli that have been paired with a variety of unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers. (i.e. praise, attention, money, tokens)
 
Operant Behavior
Behavior that is controlled or influenced by consequences.
Behavior whose future frequency is determined by a history of consequences.
 
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences.
Behavior followed by pleasant consequences tends to be repeated.
Behavior followed by unpleasant consequences tends not to be repeated.
 
Mand Training
(AKA request training) Training by asking for what you want.
 
Reinforcers
Pleasant events that follow a behavior that make behavior more likely to occur in the future.
Reinforcers strengthen behavior.
 
Punishers
Unpleasant events that follow a behavior and decrease the likelihood that a behavior will happen again in the future.
 
4 – Part Contingency of Operant Learning
1. MO – Motivating Operation
2. Antecedent
3. Behavior
4. Consequence
 
Motivating Operation
(AKA setting event) Contextual factors or conditions that influence behavior.
Influence how an individual is going to react. (i.e. Being deprived of food and water)
 
Antecedent
What occurs before a behavior that then influences behavior.
An environment or a stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
 
Prompt
Specific antecedent that directly facilitates performance of behavior.
Assistance provided to engage in desired behavior or response.
 
Consequence
Events that follow behavior and may influence it including increasing or decreasing it in the future.
May be reinforcers or punishers.
 
7 Dimensions of ABA
1. Applied
2. Behavioral
3. Analytic
4. Technological
5. Conceptual Systems
6. Effective
7. Generality
 
Frequency Data
(AKA Event Recording) A form of continuous measurement.
Data in which you tally each time the behavior occurs.
Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points.
Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points. (i.e. throwing items, going to the gym, taking medicine, hitting another person)
Most frequently used type of data collection.
 
Duration Data
Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a behavior occurs.
The amount of time a response is performed.
Track from onset to offset.
Typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short. (i.e. on task behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)
 
Antecedent Behavior Consequence Data
(AKA ABC data) A combination of information about what happens before, during and after a behavior.
A form of continuous measurement.
 
Interval Recording
A form of discontinuous measurement.
Used for estimating duration of a behavior in which observers periodically look at client at predetermined intervals and record whether or not a behavior is occurring.
 
Partial Interval Recording
Did the behavior occur at least once during the short observation interval?
Overestimates the behavior.
Example: presence or absence of thumb-sucking within a series of time intervals.
 
Whole Interval Recording
Did the behavior occur for the whole interval that you are looking for it?
Underestimates the behavior.
Example: the total time devoted to remaining on task.
 
Momentary Time Sampling
Look up at the client immediately at pre-designated points and record whether the behavior occurred at that precise moment.
Example: presence or absence of client’s stereotypic behavior (stimming).
 
Response Latency
The amount of time after a specific stimulus has been given before the target behavior occurs.
 
Permanent Product Recording Procedures
A type of measurement used when the behavior you are assessing results in a lasting product or outcome.
Example: number of written assignments completed;
 
Anecdotal Data
A method of descriptively recording the behavior emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about the environment.
 
Trial by Trial Data
For each trial record target and whether response was:
– Correct
– Incorrect
– Non-Response
– Prompted
 
Graphing
Graphing is a method of representing data in a visual way so that we can se patterns and direction over time.
– Line Graph (most common) shows patterns, trends
– Bar Graph shows portions of a whole
– Pie Chart shows portions of a whole
 
Reliability
That the data taken is reliable and people who take the data agree on the occurrence of the behavior.
Individuals who take the data agree on the occurrence of the target behavior.
Looking for 85% agreed upon when doing reliability checks.
 
Inter-observer Reliability
The extent to which the individuals who observe a target behavior agree on the occurrence of the behavior.
 
Treatment Fidelity
The extent to which an intervention plan is implemented as planned and prescribed.
 
Topography
The physical form or shape of a behavior.
 
Function
The purpose or meaning of a behavior.
 
Operational Definition
What does the behavior look like, what happens exactly, what does it sound like?
 
4 Functions of Behavior
SEAT
1. Sensory
2. Escape/Avoidance
3. Attention
4. Tangible
 
Sensory Function
One of the four functions of behavior in which an individual tries to gain sensory output.
Individuals behave a certain way because it feels good to them.
 
Automatic Reinforcement
(AKA self-stimming) The behavior itself is reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a tangible item.
 
Escape/Avoidance Function
A function of behavior to escape or avoid having to do something.
 
Attention Function
A function of behavior in which the individual is reinforced by receiving attention from others.
 
Tangible Function
A function of behavior in which the individual wants to obtain a tangible item.
The individual wants a preferred item or activity.
 
Baseline Data
Data taken before an intervention takes place.
Describes the existing level of performance.
 
Functional Analysis
Done by an individual with specific training and under very controlled situations.
The qualified practitioner manipulates situations (antecedents/consequences) and takes data on behavior during those situations to test hypotheses about suspected maintaining variables.
 
Functional Behavior Assessment
(AKA FBA) Putting one or more Functional Analysis together.
Can consist of:
– Direct observation
– Interview
– Functional analysis (experimental)
– File Review
In an FBA behavior plans must include replacement skills.
 
Replacement Skills
Something appropriate that the client can do instead of the inappropriate behavior, that will serve the same purpose.
Should be included in Behavior Plans.
 
Teach replacement skills and
Develop an appropriate behavior plan
Name two important reasons for determining function of behavior.
 
3 Principles of Behavior
1. Reinforcement
2. Punishment
3. Extinction
 
Reinforcement
Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and INCREASES the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.
 
Punishment
Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior.
 
Extinction
Removal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior.
 
Extinction Burst
Prior to the behavior decreasing you will see a temporary increase in behavior.
Immediate increase in frequency in responding.
 
Spontaneous Recovery
After a period of time the behavior may come back temporarily during extinction.
 
Rewards
Something that we THINK will might act as a reinforcer.
Rewards are the THING, reinforcement is the ACTION.
(i.e. If giving a child a cooke after they clean their room does not increase the chances of them cleaning their room again in the future then the cookie was just a reward and NOT a reinforcer)
 
Positive Reinforcement
Pleasant or favorable event that follows a behavior – it is ADDED to the situation and increases the likelihood or probability that the behavior will occur in the future.
 
Negative Reinforcement
REMOVAl of an aversive event that follows a behavior (“relief”) and increases the likelihood that the behavior will continue in the future.
(i.e. cleaning your room and your mom stops nagging; hitting snooze on an alarm and the beeping stops; putting on your seatbelt and the dinging stops)
 
Secondary Reinforcement
(AKA Conditioned Reinforcement) Occurs when neutral stimuli have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers or other conditioned reinforcers repeatedly thus making the neutral stimuli become conditioned reinforcers.
 
Conditioned Punisher
Stimuli or events that function as punishers only after being paired with unconditioned punishers.
Form of positive punishment in which every time an undesired behavior occurs the actor loses a reinforcer.
 
Unconditioned Punisher
A stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of any behavior that precedes it without prior pairing with any other form of punishment.
(i.e. shock, physical pain, loud noises, painful stimulation that can cause tissue damage, light, sound, temperature)
 
Preference Assessment
Aims to identify an individual’s favorite things so that they can be used as rewards or potential “reinforcers” for desired behavior. CSDA
1. Caregiver interview
2. Surveys
3. Direct Observation
4. Assessment Method
 
Caregiver Interview Preference Assessment
Involves obtaining information from the individual’s parents, friends and teachers about what the individual likes/prefers.
 
Surveys/Inventories Preference Assessment
Surveys obtain information about potential reinforcers and also rank potential reinforcers in order of preference.
 
Direct Observation Preference Assessment
Identify what is motivating the individual.
The more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed preference.
 
Assessment Method Preference Assessment
Presenting objects and activities systematically to the individual to reveal a hierarchy or ranking of preference.
1. Single item/single stimulus
2. Forced choice
3. Multiple choice
– multiple choice with replacement
– multiple choice without replacement
 
Single Item Preference Assessment
Single Item/Single Stimulus
Objects and activities are presented to the individual one by one.
Data are recorded on how long the person engages with each item or activity.
 
Forced Choice Preference Assessment
Simultaneous presentation of two items or activities and individual is asked to choose one.
Most frequently selected item will likely be the most potent reinforcer.
 
Multiple Stimuli With Replacement
Item chosen by the learner remains in the array and all other items that were not selected are replaced with new ones.
 
Multiple Stimuli Without Replacement
Chosen item is removed from the array, the order or replacement of the remaining items is rearranged, and the next trial begins with a reduced number of items in the array.
 
Premack Principle
Make access to a high probability behavior contingent on performing a low probability behavior.
The opportunity to engage in more probable behaviors (or activities) will reinforce less probable behavior.
Grandma’s Rule: If you want to go out to play, you have to eat your vegetables first.
 
Satiation
Repeatedly presenting a stimulus for the purpose of reducing its attractiveness by reaching a satiation level.
 
Rule Governed Behavior
Behavior either verbal or nonverbal under the control of verbal antecedents.
(i.e. “If I study 2 hours every day, I will get an A on the exam next month”)
 
Response Blocking
The source of reinforcement is blocked. A procedure in which the therapist physically intervenes as soon as the learning begins to emit a problem behavior to prevent the completion of the target behavior.
 
Random Rotation
The random presentation of mastered items, free from pattern (as if flipping a coin repeatedly).
 
Block Trials
Repeatedly asking for an item for a designated number of trials, and then moving to another item for the same number of trials.
 
Mass Trials
Repeatedly presenting the same SD (discriminative stimulus) and R (response) pair for several trials in a row.
 
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Providing reinforcement each time the behavior/response occurs.
 
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
Reinforcement is delivered after only SOME of the desired responses occur.
 
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Reinforcement should be delivered after a constant or “fixed” number of responses.
 
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable (variable) number of responses.
This schedule is the most resistant to extinction.
 
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule
The first correct response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
 
Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable (variable) amount of time has elapsed.
 
Positive Punishment
Presentation of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus immediately following behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.
 
Negative Punishment
The termination or removal of a stimulus immediately following behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.
(i.e. taking away a toy when a child talks back; time out from positive reinforcement for yelling)
 
Response Cost
A type of punishment also known as Negative Reinforcement.
Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement.
 
Time out from Positive Reinforcement
The withdrawal of the opportunity to earn positive reinforcement, or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specific amount of time.
A form of Negative Punishment
 
Contingent Exercise
Perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior.
(i.e. touch toes 20 times contingent on biting self)
 
Overcorrection
Effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the problem behavior.
 
Time-Out
Brief removal of all social positive reinforcement.
 
Positive Behavior Support
A function-based approach to eliminate challenging behaviors and replace them with socially appropriate behaviors.
– Focus on positive behaviors
– Alter the ecology
– Teach new skills
– Reinforce the absence of behavior
 
Focused Support Strategies
Interventions to reduce or eliminate the need for reactive strategies and gain quicker control over behavior.
– High density of reinforcing events
– Non-contingent delivery of reinforcing events
– Eliminate antecedents that cue challenging behavior
 
Stimulus Control
Individual behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another in its absence.
A type of Focused Support Strategy
 
Stimulus Satiation
Repeatedly presenting a stimulus for the purpose of reducing its attractiveness by reaching a satiation level.
 
Token Economies
Reinforcement systems in which tokens are earned for a variety of behaviors and are used to purchase or exchange for a variety of backup reinforcers such as food, activities, trips, toys.
 
Differential Reinforcement
Reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement from another response class.
Behavior receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which reinforcement is being withheld should decrease.
 
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors
DRO – Providing a reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior.
For example engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior.
(i.e. every 5 minutes without hitting, individual receives a sticker)
 
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding
Entails reinforcing for reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior.
Often used when individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently.
 
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors
DRA – Focus on increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly interferes with the performance of the undesired target behavior.
(i.e. reinforce knitting or giving a self manicure instead of biting nails; reinforce appropriate language instead of punishing swearing at others)
 
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors
DRI – Similar to DRA but you choose and alternative behavior to reinforce that, if performed, would be incompatible with the undesired target behavior.
(i.e. playing nicely vs. fighting; on task behavior vs. off task behavior; in seat vs. out of seat; deep breathing vs. yelling)
 
Discrete Trial Training
DTT – Structured instructional methodology used to teach new behaviors
Designed to maximize a learner’s potential by presenting information in a three-part teaching unit.
Based on Antecedent – Behavior – Consequence format.
A – B – C (Stimulus – Response – Consequence)
Main objective is to teach children how to learn from their natural environment and make learning reinforcing.
 
Errorless Learning
Teaching procedures that are designed in such a way that the learning does not have to – and does not – make mistakes as she or he learns new information or procedures.
DTT is Errorless Learning.
Skinnner: “Errors are not necessary for learning to occur.”
 
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Used in DTT: Environmental cue or instruction that signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior.
 
Response (R)
Used in DTT: The behavior in which an individual engages. 4 types of response:
1. Correct
2. Incorrect
3. Non-Response
4. Prompted
 
Reinforcing Stimulus (SR)
Used in DTT: The consequence following the individual’s response that changes the future likelihood with which the behavior will recur.
Reinforcement should be given for a correct response.
Should be delivered immediately (0 – 5 seconds is ideal).
 
Inter-Trial Interval
The time interval between presentation of the consequence for one trial and the presentation of the SD for the next trial.
 
Prompt Hierarchy
The so called “pyramid” of the various levels of prompting.
We need to establish a hierarchy of prompts from the least to most or most to least intrusive for each instructional task.
 
Transfer of Stimulus Control
Process by which prompts are removed once the target behavior is occurring in the presence of the SD.
 
Prompt Fading
The gradual elimination of a stimulus prompt as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the SD.
 
Stimulus Fading
Exaggerate some physical dimension of the relevant stimulus to help the individual respond correctly.
Prompt is within the stimulus itself.
Can be used for color or size determination.
 
Discrimination Training
Procedure to teach between two targets.
Trial training using phases.
(i.e. phases 1 – 6 Mass Trials of target, Block Trials, and Random Rotation)
 
Shaping
A process by which one systematically and differentially reinforces successive approximations to a terminal behavior.
 
Chaining
A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition.
When components are linked together, they form a chain that produces a terminal outcome.
 
Task Analysis
Involves breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units, the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps or tasks.
 
Forward Chaining
Training begins the link with the first behavior in the sequence.
Training only occurs on the steps currently mastered and current step (no training on steps after that).
 
Backward Chaining
Training begins the link with the last behavior in the sequence.
Trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last step.
Then trainer performs all but the lasts two steps until learner masters the last two steps and so on.
 
Backward Chaining with Leaps Ahead
Follow same procedure as backward chaining but not every step in the task analysis is trained.
 
Natural Environment Training (NET)
Is loosely structured, and uses or contrives a leaner’s motivation and activities and not an exclusively teacher-selected set of materials, as the basis for the lesson.
Often used to teach child to mand or request.
 
Verbal Behavior
Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior.
Involves a social interaction between speakers and listeners.
Listener reinforces the speaker.
 
Mand, Tact, Echoic, Intraverbal, Textual, Transcription
6 Elementary Verbal Operants
 
Mand
Short for demand, command or reprimand.
A type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants.
Only type of verbal operant that directly benefits the speaker b/c the mand allows the speaker to receive reinforcers.
 
Tact
Short for contact.
A type of verbal operant in which speaker names things and actions that the speaker had direct contact with through any of the sense modes.
 
Echoic
A type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker.
Occurs in response to other verbal behavior.
Listener is “echoing” what they hear.
 
Intraverbal
A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others.
– Conversation
– Answering questions
– Filling in the blank
 
Textual
Reading written words.
(i.e. A child says shoe because the word “shoe” is written)
 
Transcription
Writing and spelling words that are spoken.
(i.e. A child writes “shoe” because they hear the word “shoe”)
 
Generalization
When the effort of reinforcement is extended beyond the conditions in which the training has taken place or to behaviors other than those included in training.
 
Stimulus Generalization
Generalization or transfer of a response to situations other than those in which the training takes place.
It has taken place if a response reinforced in one stimulus setting also increases in other stimulus settings.
Across people: The learner’s ability to respond to people other than those involved in the original teaching
Across environments: The learner’s ability to respond in different locations other than the “table and chair”
(i.e. responds to different SD’s for same behavior like “sit here”, “sit down”, “have a seat”)
 
Response Generalization
The changes in behaviors or responses other than those that have been trained or developed.
(i.e. you teach a child to put away toys following the SD “clean up” and the child also begins to throw away garbage and put books on the shelf)
 
Maintenance
Refers to maintaining responses over time.
So something leaned at time 1 would also be evident at times 2, 3 and 4.
 
Implement Generalization and Maintenance Procedures
Start by slowly fading prompts and using natural reinforcement contingencies; use multiple settings, people and stimuli; train loosely and use random rotation; use variable reinforcement schedules; teach self management and reinforce generally when it happens.
 
Contingency Contract
A document that specifies a contingent relationship between:
– The completion of a specific behavior
– Access to a specific reinforcer
Same as a behavioral contract.
This document should serve to hold both parties accountable (student & teacher).
 
Token Economy
A behavior change system with the following components:
– Specific behaviors to reinforce
– Tokens or points for emitting those behaviors
– A back-up reinforcer for cash in of tokens/points
Tokens themselves are not desirable…the back-up should be!
 
Positive Practice
A form of Positive Punishment
Contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior the learner is required to repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem, a specified number of times.
 
Planned Ignoring
Social reinforcers – usually attention, physical contact or verbal interaction – are removed for a brief period.
 
Validity
Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced.
 
Rate
Used in calculating data. Frequency with the addition of a time component. Also a form of Event Recording.
 
Registered Behavior Technician
A paraprofessional who practices under the close, ongoing supervision of a BCBA or a BCaBA.
The RBT is primarily responsible for the direct implementation of skill-acquisition and behavior-reduction plans developed by the supervisor.
The RBT may also collect data and conduct certain types of assessments (i.e. stimulus preference assessments)
The RBT does not design intervention or assessment plans. It is the responsibility of the designated RBT supervisor to determine which tasks an RBT may perform as a function of his or her training, experience, and competence.
 
Total Task Chaining
The chaining procedure which teaches each step of the chain during each training session.
 
Professional and Ethical Compliance Code
– Maintaining confidentiality
– Maintaining records
– Documentation of professional work and research
– Records and Data
– Behavior analytic assessment
– Conforming with laws and regulations
– Accuracy and use of data
 
Documentation and Reporting
Records and data collected by BCBAs and RBTs must be retained for at least _____ years and as otherwise required by law.
 
Contingency
Refers to and if_____, then_____ relationship between a behavior and a consequence.
 
Treatment Plan Modifications
RBT’s assist BCBAs in making treatment plan modifications based on:
1. Record
2. Visual analysis of graphed data
3. Science
Parent requests are NOT a major factor in determining the current success of a plan or analyzing data to determine next steps.
 
1. Be honest
2. Follow through with obligations
3. Disclose your experience in specific areas.
Ways to show integrity?
 
Incidental Teaching
Involves creating an environment in which students’ interests are easily fostered and nurtured, and one in which students can be most successfully motivated. Also known as Natural Environment Training
 
1. Vary stimulus conditions over time
2. Make conditions as natural as possible over time.
3. Modify reinforcers
3 General Techniques of Generalization
1. Have multiple teachers and styles / vary the stimuli & environment.
2. In the beginning conditions might be artificial, make conditions as natural as possible over time.
3. Use secondary/conditioned reinforcement. Thin the reinforcement schedule for primary reinforcers.
 
Drawbacks to Punishment
Mis-used or Over-used: May lead to negative reinforcement of the punisher.
Lack of generalization: May lead to decrease in behavior only in the presence of the punisher.
May increase or escalate the behavior (provoke aggression).
Not always effective in the long term.
 
Reactive Strategies

Strategies designed to manage the behavior at the time it occurs (in the moment).

These strategies are managed situationally to provide safety and prevent the escalation of the behaviors.
NOT meant to change behavior over time.
– Facilitative Strategies (help solve the problem)
– Redirect to a competing activity (give an instruction or a “help me” instruction
i.e. crisis intervention strategies

 
Proactive Strategies
Strategies designed to produce changes over time.
Strategies designed to provide a better mesh between client’s needs and the environments in which he/she behaves.
– Token economies (Focused Support Strategy)
– Differential reinforcement (Focused Support Strategy)
– Discrete trial training

RBT Exam Study Guide Video

 
You are working with an individual in a work placement at a grocery store and taking data on his target behaviors. What do you need to consider regarding data collection to maintain the individual’s right to confidentiality?
a. Do not use the individuals name when documenting notes or data
b. Keep all data sheets and documentation on you at all times and avoid leaving them ion a public area
c. Remove all identifying information from the data sheets, including name, diagnosis, of the name title discloses diagnostic information
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
If you are planning to count the number of times that John spits during group meeting, which item is not necessary to help you with the data collection?
a. Ruler
b. Data Sheet
c. Pen/Pencil or clicker
d. Calculator
a. ruler
 
You are working at a school with one of your clients, and you are collecting data on skill acquisition targets and challenging behaviors. Who are you allowed to share the data with?
a. The parents of the other students in the classroom
b. The other students in the classroom
c. Your program supervisor, the parent of the client, anyone the parents have given written consent to share the information with
d. Any of the school staff since the school is paying for your services
c. Your program supervisor, the parent of the client, anyone the parents have given written consent to share the information with
 
You work with a client and his parent’s private health insurance pays for his treatment. The school district has contacted you to ask about the client’s behaviors at home. What do you need to be sure you have before you speak to them?
a. The ability to bill for the time to talk to the district
b. The phone number to call them back
c. The appropriate authorization to talk to the district (i.e. HIPAA Forms) and authorization from your program supervisor
d. Nothing, you can speak to them because they also work with your client.
c. The appropriate authorization to talk to the district (i.e. HIPAA Forms) and authorization from your program supervisor
 
The data you have taken to track a client’s dressing skills is being reviewed at the meeting you are having with the BCBA. The BCBA states that this is not the data she is looking for and informs you of how she would like the data taken. You should ____?
a. Talk to the other therapists and tell them that you were reprimanded by the BCBA and they should do it the way you are since it is more effective
b. Do not change how you take the data, since you have always taken data in that way and it is how you were trained
c. Follow the way the BCBA is currently showing you and if you have additional questions ask the BCBA
d. Speak to the other therapists to see how they are taking the data and do as they do.
c. Follow the way the BCBA is currently showing you and if you have additional questions ask the BCBA
 
You are instructed to observe a client for 60 minutes, using partial interval recording on nail biting in 5-minute intervals. How would you take this data?
a. Mark it if the nail biting occurred anytime within each 5-minute interval
b. Mark it only if nail biting occurred for the entire 5-minute interval
c. Mark it only if the behavior occurred at the end of each 5-minute interval
d. Mark it only if the behavior did not occur at all during each 5-minute interval
a. Mark it if the nail biting occurred anytime within each 5-minute interval
 
Here is the skill acquisition plan for teaching Hannah to pour juice from the pitcher to the cup. 1) gather all materials (juice cup, and napkin) 2) hold your hand over Hannah’s hand and prompt her to put it on the pitcher 3) Therapist holds the cup 4) Help Hannah pour the juice into the cup while the therapist holds the cup 5) Prompt Hannah to wipe up anything that spills with the napkin. What do you need in order to be prepared to teach this lesson
a. Flash cards
b. A pitcher of juice, a cup, a napkin, and a reinforcer
c. A clear spot in the kitchen
d. All of the above
b. A pitcher of juice, a cup, a napkin, and a reinforcer
 
Which of the following is an example of permanent product recording?
a. Taking a spelling test by vocally spelling the words
b. Taking a spelling test by giving a thumb up to indicate when a word is spelled correctly
c. Taking a spelling test by typing the words on a worksheet and printing it out
d. Taking a spelling test and having the student spell the words using sign language
c. Taking a spelling test by typing the words on a worksheet and printing it out
 
Monica, an RBT, is providing training to the parent of one of her clients. While training, the parent asks Monica if she could help him to introduce a new goal to his child. The parent wants to teach his child to start eating new types of food. This has not been discussed with the BCBA on the case yet. Monica should ____.
a. Agreed to work on this during training because it is important to the parents
b. Not agree to work on the goal since it has not been discussed first with the supervisor of the program, and instead mention the parents request to her supervisor
c. Not agree to work on the goal but provide some referrals get an evaluation from a feeding specialist
d. Agree to work on this during training because it is important for children to have a balanced diet and good nutrition
b. Not agree to work on the goal since it has not been discussed first with the supervisor of the program, and instead mention the parents request to her supervisor
 
Your client’s rate self-injurious behavior has increased. The previous rate was 1 time per hour and the rate for your last session was 27 times per hour. You should ____?
a. Contact BCBA immediately and inform her of the behavior change after the session is over
b. Contact the other therapists to see if they are documenting the behavior correctly
c. Wait and see if the behavior decreases over the next several days
d. Tell the parents to cancel sessions for the rest of the week, he is obviously not feeling well and needs a chance to rest.
a. Contact BCBA immediately and inform her of the behavior change after the session is over
 
Which behavior is the easiest to measure?
a. Linda’s frustration
b. Linda shouting “NO”.
c. Linda’s irritation with her chores
d. Linda’s Stomach ache
b. Linda shouting “NO”.
 
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus control transfer procedure?
a. Pairing the instructions, “Make a sandwich,” with a video model, then fading the video model until the client can make a sandwich when given the instructions only
b. Offering choices of a sandwich or salad for lunch
c. Giving praise for making a sandwich within a 5-minute interval
d. Having the client discriminate between making a sandwich and making popcorn when given the specific instructions
a. Pairing the instructions, “Make a sandwich,” with a video model, then fading the video model until the client can make a sandwich when given the instructions only
 
Niko’s spitting is maintained by escape from demands and tasks. An appropriate replacement behavior for Niko’s spitting would be_____
a. Teaching Niko to spit in a cup
b. Teaching Niko to say, “Can we talk?”
c. Teaching Niko to sit nicely
d. Teaching Niko to request for a break
d. Teaching Niko to request for a break
 
When preparing for a session, the RBT should______.
a. Review previous notes from other staff working with the client
b. Review the BCBA’s notes since your last session
c. Collect the stimuli needed to complete the skill acquisition plan
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
Which of the following is likely a conditioned reinforcer?
a. A movie
b. Warmth
c. A drink
d. Food
a. A movie
 
Skill repertoire building is when instructors modify antecedents and consequences to ____ learning of new skills. Behavior management is when instructors modify antecedents and consequences to ____ challenging behaviors.
a. Stop; start
b. Increase; decrease
c. Decrease; increase
d. Start; stop
b. Increase; decrease
 
Extinction is best described as _____.
a. Removing reinforcement from a learner upon the occurrence of a particular behavior
b. Ignoring the learner for a set period of time following the occurrence of a particular behavior
c. No longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs
d. None of the above
c. No longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs
 
When inputting a data point on a behavioral graph, it is important to ____.
a. Record the date of the observation
b. Connect the data to the previous point on the graph in the same condition with a straight line
c. Record the initials of the staff member/observer
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
At first, Joshua was not interested in earning stickers for engaging in appropriate play activities. However, after stickers were paired with the delivery of oher reinforcers such as pretzels and social praise, Joshua is now motivated to earn stickers. In this example, a sticker would be considered to be a/an ________.
a. Conditioned reinforcer
b. Unconditioned reinforcer
c. Conditioned punisher
d. Unconditioned punisher
a. Conditioned reinforcer
 
A BCBA needs to conduct a formal assessment on a client, but suspects the client will have difficulty with motivation and will engage in problem behavior during the process. The BCBA could ____.
a. Have the RBT conduct the assessment
b. Have an RBT attend the assessment to manage these areas
c. Talk with the client beforehand and tell the client not to engage in the problem behavior
d. Talk with the parents of the client and let them know if their child does not behave, the assessment cannot be completed
b. Have an RBT attend the assessment to manage these areas
 
Jessica, an RBT, notices marks on the back and legs of her student. The student tells her that the marks are from the other day when her step-father got mad. What should Jessica do?
a. Ask the other staff working with the child if they have noticed anything or think that the client is being abused
b. Immediately set up a phone call with the mother and step-father to investigate what happened
c. Call the local child protective services agency to report the information as soon as possible
d. Do nothing as the client has been known to exaggerate and make up stories in the past
c. Call the local child protective services agency to report the information as soon as possible
 
Which is the most complete definition of behavior?
a. When a person engages in a destructive action
b. Anything a person says or does
c. Any socially inappropriate action a person engages in
d. Any socially appropriate action a person engages in
b. Anything a person says or does
 
As an RBT you can assist the BCBA in training other people that are important to the client’s program. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate way to assist the BCBA in training others?
a. Collecting data on caregiver performance
b. Demonstrating skills for other people to learn from
c. Creating new lessons to meeting the training goals
d. Allowing the other professional to observe your sessions
c. Creating new lessons to meeting the training goals
 
After school, the parents of one of your students asks how her child behaved at school that day. You are the child’s 1:1 aide in the classroom. Today the child demonstrated high rates of hitting and tantrum behaviors. What are you allowed to tell the parent?
a. Nothing. You are not the teacher and should not discuss anything with the parent
b. Only positive information about the day, so to not upset
c. A mixture of positive feedback, as well, as an accurate summary of the challenge the child encountered that day, since it is important to be honest yet positive and tactful when giving information to parents and caregivers
d. Tell parent about the hitting and tantrum behavior and that you think the child’s behavior intervention plan is not working.
c. A mixture of positive feedback, as well, as an accurate summary of the challenge the child encountered that day, since it is important to be honest yet positive and tactful when giving information to parents and caregivers
 
Intermittent reinforcement should occur
a. When moving from primary to secondary reinforcement
b. When teaching new behaviors or behaviors that are on acquisition
c. When maintaining behaviors that are already learned
d. When a learner does not respond well to continuous reinforcement
c. When maintaining behaviors that are already learned
 
Robert is implementing a 5-minute DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors) produced with his client to reduce his pinching behavior. In order to implement DRO Correctly, after every 5-minuets that his client does not engage in pinching, Robert should___?
a. Give his client a reinforcer
b. Rest the time interval for the next 5-minuets
c. Record that no pinching occurred during the interval onto the data sheet
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
Which of the following situation(s) would be reportable as instances of suspected abuse or neglect?
a. Causing an intentional physical injury
b. Making terrorizing or threatening statements
c. Withholding nourishment and water as a form of punishment
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
Data collection is a critical component of behavior analysis because ___?
a. It allows for data based decisions
b. It allows for monitoring progress and identifying skill deficits
c. It helps determine skill mastery
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
If an instructor is teaching naturalistically, he should___.
a. Speak in a natural voice
b. Only work at a teaching table
c. Always use teaching cards
d. Speak in a louder more authoritative voice
a. Speak in a natural voice
 
It is always important to start with function-based behavior intervention plans. Which most accurate describes some of the most commonly found functions of behavior in research?
a. Maladaptive behavior, antecedent behavior, and consequences
b. Anger, frustration, emotional self-control and protesting
c. Social positive reinforcement (attention and access to tangible), social negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement.
d. All of the above
c. Social positive reinforcement (attention and access to tangible), social negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement.
 
Claire’s therapy team taught her to wash her hands. Three months later, Claire can still wash her hands independently with no prompts, and she does so on her own at appropriate times. Claire’s hand washing behavior has been successfully___.
a. Maintained
b. Generalized
c. Prompted
d. Differentially reinforced
a. Maintained
 
When preparing to take data on a target behavior, it is important to first identify___.
a. The definition of the behavior
b. The type of data collection procedure
c. What items are needed to take data (i.e. pencil, clicker, stopwatch)
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
When updating a caregiver, parent or grandparent regarding how the client performed during a session, it is important to _____?
a. Balance out difficult feedback with positive feedback
b. Discuss in length the challenging behaviors of the client during the session so that the parent can adequately discipline the child afterwards
c. Only share positive information; they are dealing with difficult things outside of session and do not need to be further burden
d. Not share with the caregiver how the session was, as you are not the supervisor of the program
a. Balance out difficult feedback with positive feedback
 
Jordan is learning to read color words, such as brown, red and purple. His teacher wants to use a stimulus fading procedure to help him learn the targets. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus fading procedure?
a. Writing the word “red” in black ink with a thick red border, which is gradually faded to thinner border and eventually removed
b. Placing a red square underneath the word “red”, and gradually lightening the shade of the red square until it is completely
c. Having pictures of red items drawn next to the word, “red” on an index card and gradually removed from the card one at a time
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
The repeated presentation of the same discriminative stimulus is called ___.
a. Error correction procedure
b. Discrimination training
c. Mass trial/in isolation
d. Random rotation
c. Mass trial/ in isolation
 
All of these are methods for establishing chains of behavior except
a. Backward chaining
b. Total task presentation
c. Semi-task presentation
d. Forward chaining
c. Semi-task presentation
 
When working on a new morning routine, Giana engages in high levels of tantrum behavior. As a consequence, each time Giana engages in tantrum behavior you immediately place her in time-out for a brief period and then return back to the morning routine. This goes on for some time. What is a possible reason why time-out may not be reducing the tantrum behavior?
a. Giana does not find the time-out location to be reinforcing
b. The therapist is different throughout the week, but they each follow the behavior plan
c. Giana is getting to escape the routine and is not engaged in a reinforcing activity prior to the time-out procedure
d. All of the above
c. Giana is getting to escape the routine and is not engaged in a reinforcing activity prior to the time-out procedure
 
The program supervisor asks the RBT to sign a timesheet. The RBT notices that the timesheet is wrong because she has never worked with that particular learner. She tells the program supervisor that there must have been a mistake. The program supervisor tells the RBT, “That’s okay, you should just sign it anyway, that is the only way we will get paid.” The most ethical choice for the RBT is to ______.
a. Follow the instructions of her supervisor and sign the timesheet because her supervisor told her to
b. Sign the timesheet but do not use her full name
c. Not sign the timesheet
d. Not sign the timesheet and report her program supervisor because this is fraudulent
d. Not sign the timesheet and report her program supervisor because this is fraudulent
 
Tito engages in slapping behavior when presented with instructions during learning activities. The behavior has been determined to be maintained by escape from demands. The behavior intervention plan indicates that the therapists will teach Tito to sign the word “break” so that he can get what he needs without slapping. Extinction is to be used as an intervention when slapping occurs. You present the instruction for a learning activity and Tito slaps you. Which best explains how you would implement the intervention?
a. Block the slapping behavior with your hand, provide the instruction “hands down,” and continue the learning activity.
b. Provide Tito with a break since one is clearly needed
c. Reinforce Tito for not engaging in slapping for designated periods of time. When slapping does occur, ignore the behavior
d. Continue presenting the instruction and do not respond to the slapping behavior
d. Continue presenting the instruction and do not respond to the slapping behavior
 
When looking at the interaction between a behavior and the environment, which of the following would be considered part of the “environment?”
a. The physical location
b. The presence of loud music playing
c. The presence of a large group of students in the hallway
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
A stimulus control transfer procedure refers to ______.
a. A procedure where reinforcement is gradually thinned and faded away
b. A procedure where target responses are taught in their natural environment with naturally occurring reinforcement
c. A procedure where one stimulus which controls a certain behavior is paired with another stimulus until the new stimulus gains control over the behavior
d. A procedure where learned responses are generalized across different people and places
c. A procedure where one stimulus which controls a certain behavior is paired with another stimulus until the new stimulus gains control over the behavior
 
Prior to beginning your session, you read the general session notes from the previous RBT. The note says: “Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy! He engaged in self-injurious behavior at a rate of 3/hr. He manded for his videos using full sentence responses, including the person’s name on his ACD. He mastered expressively identifying purple, imitating pointing and completing the puzzle of the truck.” Which part of the note should not be included?
a. He engaged in self-injurious behavior at a rate of 3/hr.
b. He manded for his videos using full sentence responses, including the person’s name on his ACD.
c. Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy!
d. He mastered expressively identifying purple, imitating pointing and completing the puzzle of the truck.
c. Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy!
 
Pablo is allowed by his teacher to escape a work sheet task due to his tantrum behavior. Pablo’s escape from the task is considered what type of consequence?
a. Socially mediated positive reinforcement
b. Socially mediated negative reinforcement
c. Automatic positive reinforcement
d. Automatic negative reinforcement
b. Socially mediated negative reinforcement
 
Select the answer which best describes ways to help protect the learner’s confidentiality.
a. Keep notes discretely when in public, do not discuss your clients with family or friends, and do not leave information regarding the agency you work for or the learner’s diagnosis in a voicemail message
b. Wear your work badge in community settings, use paperwork that lists the learner’s identity on it, discuss individual learners with all parents so they can compare and understand if their child is doing well
c. Discuss your learner’s difficulties with other providers to problem solve their issues, hang pictures of your learners in your office and post on social media the great things your learner does
d. Put your learner’s name in the subject area of an email so that the recipients know it is important, wear a shirt that says “I love people with (client’s diagnosis) when on a community outing with a learner and leave paperwork with client’s names on it in your car rather than bringing it into your house.
a. Keep notes discretely when in public, do not discuss your clients with family or friends, and do not leave information regarding the agency you work for or the learner’s diagnosis in a voicemail message
 
You have been asked to assist in a functional assessment procedure regarding Miguel’s hitting behavior. The functional assessment will help to identify ____.
a. What happens right before Miguel hits
b. What happens right after Miguel hits
c. During which activities and times of day does Miguel hit the most often
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
Typically, _____ reinforcement is used to strengthen a new behavior that is being acquired by a client, and ______ reinforcement is used to maintain a skill once it has been learned.
a. Effective / ineffective
b. Positive / negative
c. Continuous / intermittent
d. Natural / unnatural
c. Continuous / intermittent
 
Before you start your session, you ask your client if he wants to work for the opportunity to play a game or if he wants to work for video game time. Asking him what he wants to earn is called ______.
a. A preference assessment
b. Reinforcement
c. Discrimination training
d. Assessment indication
a. A preference assessment
 
When teaching a lesson that includes a behavior chain, a ____ data sheet may be used to record complete and accurate data.
a. A-B-C data sheet
b. Discrete trial
c. Scatter plot
d. Task analysis
d. Task analysis
 
A client has mastered following the instruction, “Hang up your coat,” when asked to do this by the RBT. In order to teach the client to respond to this instruction with the parent, the RBT and the parent pair themselves together while the RBT gives the instruction, and eventually the parent takes over giving the instruction with the RBT present. This is an example of _____.
a. Unconditioned reinforcement
b. Punishment
c. Token economy
d. Stimulus control transfer procedure
d. Stimulus control transfer procedure
 
If you are working with a client that is very physically active, moves quickly, and is aggressive towards himself and others, you should prepare for the session by wearing ____.
a. Your name bade and lanyard
b. Baggy clothing
c. Sneakers/ tennis shoes
d. Jewelry
c. Sneakers/ tennis shoes
 
Paul engages in eloping (running away) to escape when difficult or non-preferred tasks are given to him. His team has implemented antecedent changes by giving him frequent breaks throughout the day and mixing in easy task with difficult tasks. They have also adjusted the consequences by bringing him back to the area and not allowing him to escape the task by ending it. What else is needed in order for these interventions to be considered a COMPLETE behavior intervention plan?
a. Discrimination training
b. Chaining
c. A replacement behavior to give Paul a more appropriate way to access breaks or escape
d. None of the above
c. A replacement behavior to give Paul a more appropriate way to access breaks or escape
 
After your session, the caregivers of your client asks to talk to you. They ask you how much longer your client will need behavioral therapy. You should ____.
a. Tell them you will go home and research the answer to their question
b. Tell them you will have the BCBA contact you to discuss that question
c. Tell them that with your experience, you think two more years of intense therapy and the client will be done
d. Tell them that you think the client is done now and they should discontinue services
b. Tell them you will have the BCBA contact you to discuss that question
 
“Visual representations that displays a comparison of one or more sets of data over a period of time,” best define _____.
a. Discrimination
b. Graphs
c. Visual prompting strategies
d. Discriminative stimulus
b. Graphs
 
Sergio is an RBT working with several clients in a clinic setting. The families of two of his clients, Henry and Sam, know each other and often spend time together socially. One day Sergio is working in a social skills group at the clinic with both of the clients. Afterward, Henry’s mother approaches Sergio and asks how the session went, for both Henry and Sam. What is Sergio allowed to discuss with Henry’s mother?
a. Sergio can discuss both Henry and Sam since the families are connected socially
b. Sergio can only discuss matters concerning Henry, since it would be a violation of confidentiality to discuss Sam with another parent
c. Sergio should not discuss anything related to either Henry or Sam since he is not the teacher or supervisor
d. None of the above
b. Sergio can only discuss matters concerning Henry, since it would be a violation of confidentiality to discuss Sam with another parent
 
A behavior chain is best defined as _____.
a. The systematic reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior while no longer providing reinforcement for previous approximations
b. The repeated presentation of one stimulus over consecutive trials
c. Teaching discrimination between two or more stimuli
d. A sequence of discriminative stimuli and responses where each response in the sequence produces the discriminative stimulus for the next response
d. A sequence of discriminative stimuli and responses where each response in the sequence produces the discriminative stimulus for the next response
 
When writing general session notes, an RBT should _____.
a. Report objective information
b. Avoid subjective opinions
c. Use professional language
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
The procedure that teaches an individual to distinguish between two or more discriminative stimuli is called ______.
a. Error correction procedure
b. Discrimination training
c. Mass trial
d. Prompt hierarchy
b. Discrimination training
 
Justin engages in yelling during break time at his adult work placement. The yelling behavior is maintained by attention from his instructor and peers. After realizing the issue, the instructor starts to give Justin attention every 5 minutes throughout his day in the form of praise, pats on the back, and thumbs up, regardless of Justin’s behavior. Justin’s rate of yelling begins to decrease. This is an example of what antecedent intervention?
a. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)
b. Demand fading
c. Functional communication training
d. Behavior momentum
a. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)
 
Continuous reinforcement should be used for ____.
a. Items that have been mastered and are being generalized to the natural environment
b. Items that are mastered and are being maintained
c. Teaching new behaviors that are on acquisition
d. Items on acquisition and that are mastered
c. Teaching new behaviors that are on acquisition
 
Dual relationships between an RBT and a client include which of the following situations?
a. Babysitting or provided respite care for a client that you work with
b. Attending a social gathering at the invitation of a client or his mother
c. Providing treatment services to the son or daughter of a friend
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
If you were teaching a child to receptively identify colors and you were maximizing discrimination between the colors, in which order would you NOT teach the colors?
a. Red, blue, yellow, white
b. Blue, black, brown, purple
c. Purple, red, white, brown
d. Blue, red, white, green
b. Blue, black, brown, purple
 
Which of the following is a true statement regarding an RBT having a dual relationship with a client?
a. Dual relationships with clients are acceptable and result in good working relationships between professionals and clients
b. Dual relationships should be avoided at all times as they can impair the clinical judgement of the professionals to do what is right for the client
c. Dual relationships are impossible to avoid and typically do not have a detrimental effect on the client’s treatment
d. Only romantic or sexual relationships are considered dual relationships
b. Dual relationships should be avoided at all times as they can impair the clinical judgement of the professionals to do what is right for the client
 
A motivating operation (MO) is _____.
a. The outcome that immediately follows the learner’s response
b. An antecedent condition that momentarily affects the value of an item and affects the likelihood that behaviors which have produced that item in the past will occur
c. The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increases or maintains the strength of that behavior
d. The time between the end of one trial and the start of the next
b. An antecedent condition that momentarily affects the value of an item and affects the likelihood that behaviors which have produced that item in the past will occur
 
The skill acquisition plan for the lesson teaching toileting says that each of the staff should be sure to have a digital timer ready in the bathroom. The skill acquisition plan also mentions that Bob prefers wet wipes over actual toilet paper when having a bowel movement. What should you be prepared for when the toilet training lesson arises in your session with Bob?
a. Bob will likely not want to go to your bathroom
b. Make sure that no other family member is in the bathroom
c. Be prepared with wet wipes
d. Make sure you have a digital timer as well as wet wipes so you are prepared for this program
d. Make sure you have a digital timer as well as wet wipes so you are prepared for this program
 
A parent discloses to Stephanie, and RBT, that she wants to start giving her child sensory breaks when he tantrums, as recommended by another professional. She wants to do this in place of the current intervention that has been recommended by the BCBA supervisor. How should Stephanie respond?
a. Discuss the research with the parent and tell her that sensory approaches do not work
b. Tell the parent that she should discuss this with the BCBA supervisor, and communicate this with her supervisor after her session
c. Agree to the parent’s request and start implementing sensory breaks instead of the existing intervention, since it is what the parents want
d. Contact the other professional and discuss the new approach directly with him
b. Tell the parent that she should discuss this with the BCBA supervisor, and communicate this with her supervisor after her session
 
A therapist is using duration recording to track how long Julio can stay in his seat during a 10 minute group lesson. Julio stayed in his seat for 7 minutes of the 10-minute activity. What does the therapist enter in the session notes to record the accurate duration?
a. 0.7
b. 7 minutes
c. 3 minutes
d. 0.3
b. 7 minutes
 
Duties that an RBT can perform during a formal assessment include ____.
a. Engaging with the client during breaks
b. Assisting with reinforcement and preference assessments
c. Redirecting challenging behaviors with the consent of the assessor
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
You are working with Rico and you are using a video game as a reinforcer. He stops responding and begins to push away the controller for the game. What should you do?
a. Take away a token
b. Conduct a preference assessment
c. Ignore his behavior and continue demands
d. Prompt him through the task
b. Conduct a preference assessment
 
When using whole interval data recording, it is important to know _____.
a. The definition of the target behavior
b. The duration of the intervals
c. How many intervals you will need to track and record the data
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
The essential components of a written behavior reduction plan include:
a. An operational definition of the behavior
b. Identified function of the behavior
c. Antecedent modifications, replacement behaviors, and consequence manipulations
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
 
When working with a client, it is important to maintain the client’s dignity. Which is an example of maintaining a client’s dignity?
a. Allowing the client to choose which leisure time activity he would like to do
b. Choose all of your client’s activities for the day, to make it easier on him
c. Leave the bathroom door open when conducting toilet training so that you have more room
d. Talk about your client’s problem behaviors in front of him to other staff
a. Allowing the client to choose which leisure time activity he would like to do
 
The instructor is following the learner’s lead in the treatment session, including choosing learning activities based on what the learner is interested in and using items that are naturally reinforcing to the learner. This might best be categorized as _____.
a. Natural environment training
b. Discrete trial teaching
c. Child development training
d. Natural discrete training
a. Natural environment training
 
Judah spent 3 minutes chewing, 1.5 minutes commenting, and 1 minute staring out the window during the snack break. What was the duration of time he spent commenting?
a. 3 minutes
b. 4.5 minutes
c. 1.5 minutes
d. 5.5 minutes
c. 1.5 minutes
 
You suspect your learner is being abused. It is Friday night and no one from your office will be working with the learner over the weekend. You have tried to call your supervisor and she is not answering her phone. You should ______.
a. Try to explain your concern to the learner’s family
b. Leave a message for your supervisor and discuss it with him when he calls you back
c. Call your local child protective services hotline and report your concern
d. Take the learner home with you to protect him
c. Call your local child protective services hotline and report your concern
 
Suset, a teenage client, has started her monthly female cycle. The staff have to assist with all personal care issues in this group home. In order to preserve her dignity the RBT should ____.
a. Write, “buy feminine products for Suset” on the kitchen wipe board to remind the other staff to get supplies for Suset
b. In the group meeting with the other teens make sure to ask Suset, “Hey, do you need any feminine products?”
c. Approach Suset when she is by herself and ask her if she needs any supplies this week for hygiene
d. Don’t talk to Suset about this because it is private
c. Approach Suset when she is by herself and ask her if she needs any supplies this week for hygiene

RBT Requirements

  • 18 years of age;
  • High school diploma;
  • Pass background check;
  • Complete 40-hour training;
  • Complete initial competency assessment.

Historical RBT Examination Results

YearFirst TimeRetakes
201720,4453,208
201822,6093,867
201930,5785,605
202028,7946,634
202143,45210,793
The number of Candidates Tested

YearFirst AttemptRetakes
201786%49%
201887%54%
201987%52%
202084%52%
202183%53%
Percentage of Candidates Passing

Sources

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