DNA vs RNA and Protein Synthesis Updated Answer Key

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Q: What type of nucleic acid is single-stranded and contains the bases Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Uracil, and the sugar ribose?

A: RNA


Q: What is the role of DNA in controlling the cell and how is it structured?

A: DNA’s role is to store genetic information and control cellular functions, and it is structured as a double helix.


Q: In eukaryotic cells, where does DNA replication take place, and when does it occur in the cell cycle?

A: DNA replication takes place in the nucleus during the interphase (specifically the S phase) of the cell cycle.


Q: Which type of nucleic acid has the sugar deoxyribose and the base Thymine?

A: DNA


Q: What are the roles of helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase during DNA replication?

A: Helicase unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds, primase creates an RNA primer, DNA polymerase replicates the DNA molecules to build a new strand, and ligase connects DNA fragments together.


Q: Which type of RNA travels out of the nucleus to a ribosome in eukaryotic cells?

A: Messenger RNA (mRNA)


Q: What are the three main types of RNA and their roles in transcription and translation?

A: Messenger RNA (mRNA) is involved in transcription, transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are involved in translation.


Q: Where does transcription take place and what is its end result and purpose?

A: Transcription takes place in the nucleus and its end result and purpose is to create an mRNA molecule.


Q: What is the role of single-stranded binding proteins (SSB) during DNA replication?

A: The role of SSB proteins is to bind to the separated DNA strands, stabilizing them and preventing them from rejoining.


Q: Is DNA directly involved in transcription, and which type of RNA is involved in this process?

A: Yes, DNA is directly involved in transcription, and messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA involved.


Q: Are the two strands that make up DNA identical or complementary?

A: The two strands that make up DNA are complementary, not identical.


Q: What does it mean for DNA strands to be anti-parallel?

A: Anti-parallel means that the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, with one strand running 5′ to 3′ and the other running 3′ to 5′.


Q: In which direction does the leading strand synthesize during DNA replication, and what about the lagging strand?

A: The leading strand is synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 3′ to 5′ direction.


Q: Where does translation take place, and what are the end result and purpose of this process?

A: Translation takes place at the ribosome, and its end result and purpose are to create a chain of amino acids, which forms a large protein.


Q: What are the fragments of DNA called on the lagging strand during replication?

A: The fragments of DNA on the lagging strand are called Okazaki fragments.


Q: Why do primers need to be replaced on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

A: Primers need to be replaced on the lagging strand because they are made of RNA, which needs to be removed and replaced with DNA.


Q: What does ligase do for the Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

A: Ligase helps to join the Okazaki fragments by sealing the gaps between them, creating a continuous DNA strand.


Q: Is DNA directly involved in translation?

A: No, DNA is not directly involved in translation, as it remains in the nucleus and translation occurs at the ribosome.


Q: Which types of RNA are involved in translation?

A: Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) are the types of RNA involved in translation.


Q: What does it mean for DNA replication to be semiconservative?

A: Semiconservative replication means that each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand,

preserving the original genetic information.


Q: What is the special ability of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

A: DNA polymerase has a proofreading ability that allows it to correct errors during replication, resulting in very few mistakes.


1)  I am a nucleic acid.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

2) I am usually single-stranded

amoeba sisters video recap dna vs rna and protein synthesis updated answer key
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

3) I am generally found both inside and outside of the nucleus [in eukaryotic cells].

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

4)  I am arranged as a double helix, and my shape is often described as a “twisted ladder.”

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

5) I include bases guanine, cytosine, and adenine.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

6) I include the base uracil.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

7) I include the base thymine.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

8) I generally remain in the nucleus [in eukaryotic cells].

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

9) I have the sugar deoxyribose.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

10) I am made up of nucleotides.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

11) I have the sugar ribose.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

12) What does mRNA stand for?

  • Transfer RNA
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA

13) What does tRNA stand for?

  • Transfer RNA
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA

14) What does rRNA stand for?

  • Deoxyribose RNA
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA

15) I am generally found both inside and outside of the nucleus

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • both

16) Transcription takes place here (in a eukaryotic cell)

  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
  • Nucleus

17) Is DNA directly involved in the process of transcription?

  • yes
  • no

18) Where does translation take place?

  • Vacuole
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes

19) Which type(s) of RNA are involved in translation?

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • all RNA listed

20) Which process is shown?

  • mitosis
  • transcription
  • translation

21) What is occurring in this picture?

  • DNA Replication
  • Mitosis
  • Transcription

22) Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?

  • T
  • C
  • A
  • U

23) What does tRNA do?

  • make up ribosomes
  • help with RNA splicing
  • carry amino acids to ribosomes

24) Which type of RNA contains the codons and is translated into proteins?

  • rRNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA

25) What does rRNA do?

  • carry amino acids to ribosomes
  • help with RNA splicing
  • make up ribosomes
  • carry info from genes to ribosomes

26) What image is this?

  • transcription
  • translation

27) what image is this?

  • translation
  • transcription

28) Adenine bonds with ______________.

  • Adenine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine

29) Guanine bonds with ______________.

  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Adenine

30) What are the 4 nitrogen bases? (DNA)

  • adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
  • adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
  • adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine

Amoeba Sisters Video Recap: DNA vs. RNA & Protein Synthesis Updated

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