| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Central Processing Unit (CPU) | The part of the computer that runs programs |
| RAM | This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running |
| Binary | In a(n) ____ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s |
| ASCII | A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is called? |
| Source code | What term do we use to refer to the following code? include int newValue = 143; int main() { printf(“%d”, newValue); return 0; } |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Machine Language | Computers can only execute programs that are written in ____ |
| ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) | This digital circuit is used to perform arithmetic and logic operations, and is a sub-component of the CPU |
| Source Code —-> Linked Code —–> Object Code —–> Executable Code | Which of the following is typically the proper flow of compilation, beginning from the top (the code you write) down (to the code that can be executed by the computer. |
| 8 | How many bits are in a byte? |
| 0 = Off / False<br>1 = On / True | If a bit can either be a 1 or a 0, what do the values typically represent in computer science? |
| Operands | In the expression 75 + 13, the values on the right and left of the + symbol are called |
| assignment statement | A(n) ______ sets a variable to a specified value. |
| String literal | If we surround a string of characters with quotes, we call this a _______ |
| flowchart | A ____ is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program. |
| modulus | What is the correct name for division by remainder only? |
| comments | Short notes, often characterized by a // or a / / , that explain how a program works are called |
| double | A data type capable of handling real numbers, i.e. 3.434343, etc. |
| algorithm | A(n) is a set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task |
| call | You ____ the module/function to execute it |
| local variable | A ____ is a variable that is declared inside a module/function |
| decision | A _____ structure can execute a set of statements only under certain circumstances |
| single alternative decision | A sequence structure that provides one alternative path of execution |
| decision structure | In pseudocode, the If-Then statement is an example of a decision structure |
| relational operators | The symbols >, <, and == are all relational operators |
| Boolean operators | The symbols ||, &&, and ! are all Boolean operators |
| False | The || operator means Boolean OR |
| AND operator | A compound expression created with the AND operator is true only if both of its sub-expressions are true |
| NOT operator | The NOT operator take a Boolean expression as its operand and reverses its logical value |
| If-Then-Else statement | A statement used in pseudocode to write a dual alternative decision structure |
| condition-controlled loop | A loop that uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats |
| count-controlled loop | A loop that repeats a specific number of times |
| pretest loop | The while loop is a pretest type of loop |
| False | It is not possible to create nested loops |
| ++ | The character used to increment by the value of 1 |
| True | A while loop is often more efficient when comparing integers |
| posttest loop | The Do-While loop is a posttest type of loop |
| pow() | The math function that calculates exponential values |
| length function | The function that returns the length of a string |
| sqrt() | Calculates the square root of a value |
| pow(3,2) | Raises 3 to the power of 2 |
| Random Function | Does not create true randomness |
| toUpper() | Forces strings into uppercase |
| toLower() | Forces strings into lowercase |
| Type Mismatch Error | Occurs when assigning a value of one data type to a variable of another data type |
| Size Declarator | Appears in an array declaration and specifies the number of elements in the array |
| Named Constants | Specifies the size of an array |
| Element | An individual storage location in an array |
| 0 | The first subscript in an array |
| 3, 5, 7, 1, 0 | Output of code: int arr[5] = { 3, 5, 7, 1, 0}; int i; for (i = 0; i <5; i++) {print(arr[i]);} |
| Reverse Printing | Start from the last element and decrement to the first |
| Address | A pointer points to the address of another variable |
| Sorting Algorithm | Rearranges the values stored in an array |
| Ascending | Array sorted from lowest to highest |
| Descending | Array sorted from highest to lowest |
| Bubble Sort | Causes larger values to gradually move towards the end of the array with each pass |
| Selection Sort | Locates and moves the smallest value to element 0, then locates and moves the next smallest value to element 1 |
| Insertion Sort | Sorts the first two elements, then moves the third element to its correct position relative to the first two elements |
| Sequential search | This search algorithm steps through the entire array, beginning at index 0 (subscript 0) and ending at the last index in the array. If a match is made, it returns the value and index location of the match. |
| Binary search | This search algorithm repeatedly divides the portion of the array being searched in half. |
| Sequential search | This search algorithm is suitable for small arrays, but not large arrays. It does not have to be sorted. |
| Binary search | This algorithm requires the array’s contents to be sorted. |
| What type of programming is centered on the procedures or actions that take place in a program? | Procedural |
| What type of programming encapsulates data and functions together in an object? | Object oriented |
| What software entity contains both data and procedures? | Objects |
| The variables, arrays, or other data structures that are stored in the object are known as the object’s | Fields |
| The procedures that the object performs are known as | Methods |
| The programmer determines the fields and methods of an object and creates the ______ code. | Class |
| The class _________ starts with the word Class followed by the name of the class. | Definition |
| What is the term used for the fields and methods that belong to a class? | Members |
| The word Private that appears before a field declaration, in a class definition, is known as a(n) ____________. | Access specifier |
| The mutator methods are sometimes called | Setters |
| Which interface allows the user to interact with the operating system and other programs using graphical elements? | Graphical User |
| What type of interface displays a prompt, and the user types a command which is then executed? | Command Line |
| The __________ are small windows that display information and allow the user to perform actions. | Dialog boxes |
| What is the term used when a GUI program responds to the actions of the user? | Event-driven |
| The GUI components are known as _________________ and widgets. | Controls |
| GUI components have a set of _______________ that determine how the component appears on the screen. | Properties |
| What is the term used for the code that responds to events and allows a GUI program to respond to an event? | Event handler |
| What GUI component should be used if the user wants an area in which to type a single line of input from the keyboard? | Text box |
| A component’s ______________ control the visual characteristics that are displayed on the component. | Specifiers |
| The items that appear in a program’s graphical user interface are known as _______________. | Shapes |
| Processing a large number of items in a(n) ________ is usually easier than processing a large number of items stored in separate variables. | Array |
| What is the term used for the number inside the bracket that specifies the number of values that an array can hold? | Size declarator |
| Access the individual elements in an array by using their _____________. | Subscripts |
| In the following declaration, what is the data type of the elements of the array? Declare Integer numbers [SIZE] | Integer |
| Every element in an array is assigned a unique number known as a ______________. | Subscript |
| Which of the following statement is true about the statement below? Declare Integer score [5] = 83, 92, 78, 94, 71 | This is an array declaration and initialization |
| What is the subscript for the data value 92 in the example given below? Declare Integer score [5] = 83, 92, 78, 94, 71 | One |
| The expression score[5] is pronounced _____________________. | Score of sub 5 |
| Which of the following array declarations would be best suited for storing the retail prices? Declare Real retailPrice[SIZE] | Declare Real retailPrice[SIZE] |
| What type of error occurs when a loop iterates one time too few or one time too many? | Off-by-one error |
| A list of operations that is displayed on the screen is called a(n) _______________. | Menu |
| The acronym GUI stands for _____________. | Graphical user interface |
| What is the structure that is needed to process a menu selection? | Decision |
| Which statement provides a Default section to validate the user’s menu selection? | Case |
| A(n) _______ program always starts off by displaying a list of operations the user can select from. | Menu-driven |
| Which loop is a posttest loop such that the menu is displayed at least once? | Do-while |
| What type of menu first displays the main menu and then, based on the user’s selection, displays a submenu? | Multiple level menu |
| Menu-driven programs should be broken down into ________ that perform individual tasks. | Modules |
| What is capable of performing several tasks and allows the user to select the task? | Menu-driven programs |
| What is the method used to make sure that valid selections are processed? | Input validation loop, Including the Default clause in the case structure, Use of an Else clause |
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