| Term | Definition/Description |
|---|---|
| Health | State of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning within a developmental context. Involves adaptation and reaction to the environment. |
| Health Promotion | Concept promoting healthy living, detailing individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, as well as behavior outcomes. Aims for a commitment to health promoting behaviors, adapting over an individual’s lifetime. |
| Illness | Composed of the subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. |
| Disease | Failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. |
| Models of Health | Includes Clinical model, Role performance model, Adaptive model, Eudaemonistic model. |
| Clinical Model | Health is defined by the absence of signs and symptoms of disease, and illness by the presence of signs and symptoms. |
| Role Performance Model | Health defined in terms of individuals’ ability to perform social roles, including work, family, and social roles, based on societal expectations. |
| Adaptive Model | Health measured by the ability to positively adjust to social, mental, and physiological changes. Illness occurs with failure to adapt or maladaptation. |
| Eudaimonistic Model | Optimal health indicated by exuberant well-being, emphasizing the interaction between various aspects of life and the environment. Illness reflected by lack of involvement with life. |
| Health Beliefs – Internal Variables | Developmental stage, Intellectual background, Perception of functioning, Emotional factors, Spiritual factors. |
| Health Beliefs – External Variables | Family practices, Socioeconomic factors, Cultural background. |
| Healthy People 2020 | Aims for high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, health equity, improved health for all groups, and promoting quality of life and healthy behaviors across all life stages. |
| Levels of Prevention | Primary (prevention before illness or injury), Secondary (preventing worsening of an existing condition), Tertiary (preventing lasting effects of the condition or reducing impact). |
| Risk Factors | Variables increasing vulnerability to illness or accident, including genetic/physiological factors, age, environment, lifestyle. |
| Nursing Roles | Advocate, Care manager, Consultant, Deliverer of services, Educator, Communicator, Researcher. |
| Benner’s Stages of Nursing Proficiency | Novice, Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert. |
| Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) | Use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. |
| Models of Health: Transtheoretical Model | Stages include Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance. |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | Basic human needs concept aiming for self-actualization, starting at the base of the pyramid. |
| Holistic Health Model | Focuses on achieving an optimal level of health, emphasizing the emotional and spiritual well-being of the individual. |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | Aims to influence health opportunities and outcomes globally for the highest level of health. |
| American Nurses Association (ANA) | Aims to improve health and well-being through significant nursing contributions using standards-based practice. |
| Important Nurses in History | Clara Barton, Mother Bickerdyke, Harriet Tubman, Mary Mahoney, Lillian Wald, Mary Brewster. |
| Contemporary Nursing | Focuses on self-care, influenced by societal changes such as the ACA, health care costs, demographic changes, and medically underserved populations. |
| Professional Nursing Organizations | Address member concerns, present educational programs, publish journals, and include student organizations like the NSNA. |
| Financing Healthcare | Includes the ACA, Medicare/Medicaid, factors driving costs, and the nursing shortage. |
| Ethical Considerations | Include issues, dilemmas, advocacy, informed consent, confidentiality (HIPAA), proxy decision making, and ethical principles such as autonomy, veracity, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, paternalism. |
| Nursing Process: ADPIE | Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. |
| Development and Learning Theories | Includes theories and concepts related to development (e.g., Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Freud, Kohlberg, Gilligan), growth patterns, learning principles, assessment in nursing, teaching and learning roles, and cultural competence. |
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