Which of the following thinkers founded the classical school of criminology, applying the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system?

The correct answer is B. Cesare Beccaria.

Beccaria is considered a foundational figure in the classical school of criminology. In his work “On Crimes and Punishments,” he advocated for the rationalist principles of the Enlightenment, arguing that laws should be designed to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number, and he emphasized the importance of fair and just legal processes. His ideas greatly influenced modern criminal justice systems.