Which of the following malware types is installed on a device without the end user’s knowledge?

The correct answer is A) Spyware.

Spyware is a type of malware that is installed on a device without the user’s knowledge. It secretly monitors user activities, collects personal information, and can transmit that data to a third party. Unlike Trojan and adware, which may have more visible manifestations, spyware operates silently in the background. Ransomware, on the other hand, locks or encrypts data to demand a ransom from the user.

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