The idea that societies evolve over time as the fittest people adapt to their environment is called

The correct answer is D. social Darwinism.

Social Darwinism is a concept that applies the idea of “survival of the fittest,” originally from Charles Darwin’s theories of natural selection, to social and economic contexts. It suggests that societies, like species, evolve over time as the most capable individuals or groups adapt better to their environments and challenges. This theory has been criticized for justifying inequality and discrimination.

If you have more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!