Based on this text, what is meant by the term “institutional racism”?

Based on this text, what is meant by the term “institutional racism”?
A. the systems in a society that lead to unfair practices and unequal opportunities based on race
B. the way laws combat discrimination based on gender, race, and ethnicity
C. the underfunding of institutions such as health care and education in rural areas
D. the methods by which a movement succeeds in creating meaningful change