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A criterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. In which of the following studies would it NOT be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent:

A criterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. In which of the following studies would it NOT be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent:
A study in which subjects were assigned to study activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic as assessed by members of the research team.




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  1. In the scenario described, it would NOT be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent if the study involves assigning subjects to activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic.

    Explanation: This is because doing so could cause psychological harm or distress to the participants once they learn that their characteristics were deemed undesirable. Revealing this information might exacerbate feelings of embarrassment or stigmatization, which is contrary to the ethical principle of “do no harm” in research. Informed consent is crucial in these types of studies to ensure that participants are fully aware and capable of giving consent without the risk of harm to their dignity or mental wellbeing.

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  2. In this scenario, it would NOT be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent in a study where subjects are assigned to activities based on undesirable or unflattering physical characteristics.

    Explanation: This is because informing participants about the nature of the study after their involvement could lead to feelings of shame, harm, or distress, especially if their physical characteristics are stigmatized. In such sensitive cases, providing additional information post-study could exacerbate the potential for psychological harm, which is a primary concern in ethical research practices. The integrity of the consent process is critical, especially when sensitive topics are involved.

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