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First fungi evolved in
ordovician
conifers evolved in
permian
chloroplasts are found only in kingdom plantae
false
oparin did experiments in
chemical evolution
dna in the nuclei in eukaryotic cells is complexed with
proteins
pasteur bent necks of glass flasks to prevent from reaching water
bacteria
stanley milller combined methane and in water
ammonia
endosymbiosis theory argues a relationship between two cells
mutualistic
pasteur did an experiment to show there was no spontaneous generation
true
reids experiment involved denying access to meat
flies
some of pasteurs flasks are still on display today
true
pigment molecules are found in the
chloroplasts
first period of the cenozoic
tertiary
redi did an experiment to show that meat didnt produce maggots by process of
spontaneous generation
era broken into epochs
cenozoic
fist hominids appeared at end of
tertiary
bony fish evolved in the period if palezoic
ordovician
prokaryotic cells contain
rna
protenoid spheres could have evolved via
self assembly
stanley miller was able to produce synthetic
amino acids
first dinos appeared in the
triassic
period of first vascular plants
silurian
endosymbiosis theory argues small pro cells engulfed by
larger pro cells
multicellularity might have evolved by incomplete cell division
true
both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes
true
site for aerobic respiration in eukaryotes
mitochondria
most scientists think the earth is
4.5 billion years old
oparin converted nitro, oxy, and hydro to
amino acids
multicellularity might have evolved from coloniality
true
pleistocene epoch ended roughly
8000 years ago
bacteria like dna found in eukaryotes
mitochondria
some ammonia is materialized as
nh4+
carbon is stored mostly as fossil fuels, co2 and in
vegetation
ecological niche of a species may be based on
any of these
some nitrogen is fixed by lightning
true
conversion of n2 to nh3 is exergonic
false
rabbit an example of
primary consumer
ecological pyramids illustrate amount of at various trophic levels
biomass
in a food web animals are never
primary producers
tropics may habor mire species with narrower niches than temperate plants
true
many ecologists argue that ecological efficiencies are about
10%
denitrification is conversion of to n2
no2
temperate species may tend to be more ecologically specialized than their tropical counterparts
false
highly specialized for diet of apple snails
everglades kite
ammonia is a gas and has chemical formula
nh3
in photosynthesis co2 is converted to h20 and
sugars
symbiotic relationship between plant and Rhizobium is
mutualistic
northern mockingbirds were introduced successfully to
hawaiian islands
most gaseous nitrogen in atmosphere exists in form of
n2
through evolutionary process, species may become increasingly adapted for narrower environmental conditions and this can make them more rare
true
another name for primary producers
autotroph
lower part of atmosphere
troposphere
ecological pyramids were brain child of
charles elton
top predator in food chain is
tertiary consumer
Rhizobium is found in nodules in association with
legumes
greenhouse gas most affected by human activities
co2
plants take up inorganic nitrates and convert them to organic compounds
assimilation
plants take up water from soil and move it to atmosphere
transpiration
example of habit specialized species
cape sable seaside sparrow
water moves through soil to groundwater by process of
percolation
conversion of amino acids back to is called ammonification
nh3
energy in biological systems mostly exists in form of
atp
Rhizobium is an example of a that plays a role in nitrogen fixation
bacteria
conversion of ammonium ions to nitrates
nitrification
photosynthesis is essentially
carbon fixation
denitrification occurs only
when 02 is not available
according to theory of natural selection
more individuals of a species are born than can survive
in the mis-19th century people mostly believed that species were
immutable
darwin published “origin of species” in
1859
erectile feathers on the head are a sexually selected trait in
prairie chickens
darwin based his theory partly on observations of farm animals
true
not a tetrapod
sea lamprey
darwins theory of natural selection assumes that
individuals vary
darwin found fossils of at high elevations, suggesting that the Earth had changed over time
marine invertebrates
according to theory of “inheritance of acquired characteristics” individuals transformed following
perceived environmental stress
there are embryonic tissue layers
3
it is now well known that places have fewer species
temperate zone
darwin argued that those individuals that were naturally selected
had more offspring
example of sexually selected trait in passerine birds
plumage dichromatism
mechanisms for sexual selection follow
2
species of deer in which both males and females have antlers
caribou
structures in different species such as the wings of insects and bats, are said to be analogous as they
have different embryological origins
theory of “inheritance of acquired characteristics” was advanced by
lamarck
according to darwin’s theory a bat’s wing is homologous with a
penguin flipper
darwin noted that there were no native in Australian grasslands
rabbits
male sage grouse have as a sexually selected trait
colored air sacs
darwins theory requires that the
earth was very old
darwin observed that there were no on oceanic islands
large herbivorous mammals
darwin used evidence from to imagine the concept of ” Centers of Origin”
giant armadillo fossils
upper bone in the forearms of all tetrapods
humerus
in the forearm of tetrapods, the radius is always paired with the
ulna
in the deutrotosome line, the blastopore becomes the
anus
paclitaxel is used as an anti agent
cancer
there are embryonic tissue layers in evolutionarily more advanced animals
3
bacteria play an especially important role in the cycle
nitrogen
zygote has sets of chromosomes
2
the archenteron forms from the
blastocoel
dorsal hollow nerve cord is a characteristic of just the
chordates
cells in the morgula migrate and arrange themselves to form a hollow ball of cells
true
class has the greatest number of vertebrate species
osteichthyes
toxic modes of chemicals often affect the in cells
mitochondria
developmental stage during which embryonic genes turn on
gastrula
seeds evolved during the
paleozoic
plants invaded land during the
paleozoic
first vascular plants evolved in the
paleozoic
according to lewis wolpert is the most important event in a person’s life
gastrulation
pharyngeal gill slits are a characteristic of just the
chordates
intracellular digestion is characteristic of
sponges
rotifers are characterized by having a
pseudocoelom
bacteria chiefly play an important role in ecosystems
decomposition
tree apparently produces paclitaxel
pacific yew
fungi are characterized by having cells with a cell wall made of
chitin
the platyhelminthes are the
flatworms
a true coelom is not seen in
round worms
protosomes have cleavage
spiral
highly toxic form of mercury that is formed by action of bacteria
methyl
deadly poison produced by some mushrooms
amanitin
fungicide used widely in Florida in the 80s and 90s
benlate
deuterotosomes have cleavage
radial
kingdom of species with prokaryotic cells
monera
only species of vertebrates have
true bone
embryonic tissue layer that lines embryonic gut
endoderm
pseudocoelom is typical of the
nematodes
at fertilization a single cell is formed
zygote
tetrahymena is a genus in the kingdom often used in toxicology studies
protista
native birds in hawaii were infected with by mosquitoes
malaria
all chordate characteristics are seen through the lives of the individual
false
in the protosome line, the blastopore becomes the
mouth
types of secondary body cavity seen in animalia
2
echinodermata is a phylum of
deuterostomes
ratfishes belong to the same vertebrate class as
sharks
all members of the phylum chordata share characters
4
choanocytes are characteristic of
sponges
protists involved in forming red tides
dinoflagellates
organisms that formed the white cliffs of dover
foraminiferans
in the development of animals is the primary body cavity
archenteron
lampreys and hagfishes belong to the class
agnatha
hemichordates are
deuterostomes
digitalin is a compound produced by a certain
plant
african sleeping sickness is caused by a
protist
chagas disease is caused by a
protist
malaria is caused by a
protist
lizards with specifically adapted toe pads for clinging to vertical surfaces
geckos
terrestrial caecilians are mostly adapted for
burrowing
all turtles are egg layers
true
american crocodile is still found on various islands in the caribbean
true
spadefoot toads are native to
north america
cone nosed toads are adapted for burrowing
true
tree lizards inhabit
pinyon juniper woodland
eyelash viper has a between the eye and nostril
heat detecting pit
gecko is a common introduced lizard in Gainesville
mediterranean
endemic family of frogs existed on the islands
seychelles
example of herbivorous lizard
green iguana
mexican parrot snake is a type of forager
seize and swallow
garter snakes are type foragers
seize and swallow
giant salamander is
1.6 meters
in florida, gators hunted recreationally
true
species of chameleon has been introduced to florida
true
plastron refers to part of a turtles
shell
development of young from unfertilized eggs
parthenogenesis
an endemic family of frogs is found on a series of oceanic islands formed by
continental drift
very fast predators that feed by running down their prey
whiptails
largest species of sea turtles
leatherback
chameleons are able to change their body color because of specialized cells called
chromatophores
less evolutionarily advanced salamanders are mostly
acquatic
according to the florida museum of natural history, there are species of crocodilians worldwide
23
roughly species of caecilians
165
python introduced to the everglades and apparently is becoming established there
burmese
temperature dependent sex determination was discovered in a study of
red eared turtles
anole is a common species introduced to florida
cuban
mordern order squamata likely descended from the fossil reptile group
archosauria
no native species of chameleons in madagascar
false
american crocodiles are widespread and abundant in florida
false
according to a team of researchers, giant tortoises once occurred on all the continents except
australia
nile crocodile is the largest crocodile species in
africa
species of poison arrow frog has been successfully introduced to the baltimore area where it has implicated in the reduction of roaches
false
of the sea turtles only the is chiefly herbivorous
green sea turtle
smaller turtles are mostly adapted for feeding on
insects
salamanders reach their highest diversity in
northern hemisphere
pythons differ from boas in that boas are
live bearers
scavenger that may occasionally kill and eat mammals
komodo dragon
caecilians are not found in the tropics of
australia
parthenogenesis is seen in about 1/3 of the species in the lizard genus
cnemidophorus
dorsal part of a turtles shell is called the
carapace
introduced nile monitor in florida may possibly become a threat to native
burrowing owls
desert iguana is indigenous to
american southwest
roughly species of salamanders
310
among the amphibia several species are adapted for feeding on plants as adults
false
lizards feed on eggs, small mammals and birds
monitor
snake venom is made of
proteins
the largest salamander is native to
japan
the anhinga or snake bird is actually in the same order as the
pelicans
rheas have toes per foot
3
about species of birds in the world
9700
collecting bird nests and eggs was once a popular past time among the wealthy
true
about half the species of birds in the world belong to the order
passeriformes
ratite birds are characterized by having a
flat sternum
diving ducks mostly feed on
invertebrates
in various species of grouse, the males come to a common site called and attempt to attract mates by inflating air sacs and chasing other males
lek
example of a perching duck that is native to south america
muscovy
the hoatzin is a species native to
south america
example of dabbling duck
mallards
broad winged soaring species
buetos
in england another name for loons
divers
loons have suffered declines on their breeding grounds due to
acid rain
wrote fascinating book called island waterfowl
milton weller
grebes are loon-like birds with feet
lobed
whistling ducks were once called
tree ducks
of the ratites only has just two toes
ostrich
species in the pelican-cormorant group have feet
totipalmate
one species of bird with a keen sense of smell
turkey vulture
white pelicans differ from other members of the order in that they do not
dive from the air for food
diving and dabbling ducks plumage
dichromatic
swan and geese plumage
monochromatic
species of mergansers in north america
3
long tailed and short winged acrobatic fliers that mostly feed on birds
accipiters
elephant bird was native to new guinea
false
several captively bred california condors have been released in
arizona
pelagic bird like the tubenoses live
far out at sea
emus have toe per foot
3
birds descended from the subclass of fossil reptiles
archosauria
claws on its wings to help it climb through vegetation
hoatzin
dabbling ducks characteristically feed in
shallow water
example of a diving duck
scaup
species of kiwi
3
considered a sea duck although it lives mostly inland
common goldeneye
albatrosses are grouped with the
shearwaters
african ratites introduced to australia
ostriches
petrels are related to
shearwaters
once called the pigeon hawk
merlin
Owls have feet that are oriented like those of the
woodpeckers
the crested pigeon is native to
Australia
In the American Southwest as many as —- Hummingbird species are known
17
Woodpeckers have — feet where two toes point forward and two or one point backward
zygodactyl
Most woodpecker species have 3 toes
false
Limpkins are in the same group as the
rails
The — are shorebirds that feed by spinning around in the water to stir up foot items
Phalaropes
A cere is a characteristic of the
parrots
All Plovers either lack or have a vestigial (=reduced)
hallux
Jaegers and Skuas feed on mammals and birds and are actually closely related to
ShorebirdS
The Dodos and Solitaires are native only to the
Mascarenes
The Hoopoe is a European and African species in the same group as the
kingfishers
Female === are highly colored while the males have a duller plumage
phalaropes
As a group, sandpipers all have very long legs and beaks
False
members of the Heron and Egret group are characterized by having
naked lores
American Bitterns are in the same group as the
herons
The — Plover nests are far inland on grasslands
Mountain
According to one reference there are— species of Hummingbirds in Costa Rica alone
51
Whooping Cranes originally nested only in
Canada
Numerous species of flightless — evolved on oceanic islands
rails
In the easter US there is — common species of Humminbird
One
The — are mostly pelagic species in the shorebird group that feed by diving for fish
Alcids
The Tawny Frogmouth is common bird in
Australia
Groove-billed Anis are related to the ===
cuckoos
The Nightjars and the Tawny Frogmouth are members of the group known as the
Goatsuckers
A grey-tailed Mountain Gem is a species of
hummingbird
All owls are strictly nocturnal hunters
False
=== are species that are related to terns that feed by flying low with their lower mandible in the water
Skimmers
Kookaburras are related to the
kingfishers
Terns feed by
diving from the air for fish
Hummingbirds are found only in the New World
True
Dodos were the same group as the
pigeons
Galahs are a species of
parrot
Toucanets are related to
woodpeckers
Herons and Egrets feed chiefly on
fish
Galahs are native to
Australia
Gulls as a group are all chiefly scavengers
true
Roseate Spoonbills are in the same group as the
Herons
The main food of Limpkins is
mollusks
Wood Storks and === both have un-feathered heads
vultures
Numerous species of flightless === rails evolved on oceanic islands
rails
As a group, sandpipers all have very long legs and beaks
False
Nuthenites (?) and creepers are members of the same family
false
The === are passerine birds that forage by impaling small animals on thorns
Shrikes
The New Holland Honey-eater is native to
Australia
The wattled Bellbirds are indigenous to the
Neotropics
The Northern Mockingbird is most closely related to the
Thrashers
There are === species of Waxwings worldwide
3
There are === native species of rows and jays in New Zealand
Old World Warblers
North America Gnatcatchers are in the same family as the ____
Mountain
The ____ Plover nests far inland on grasslands.
Ruffed Grouse Society
Scientists at the ____ reported that Woodcock were declining due to forest maturation throughout the Eastern Decidious Forest.
kingfishers
Kookaburras are related to the ____
51
According to one reference there are ___ species of Hummingbirds in Costa Rica alone
Old Growth forests
Shrew-moles are a characteristic species of___
elevation
Biomes are basically a product of latitude and ___
blackbirds
The Bobolink is related to the ____
Australia
Shrikes are found worldwide except for ____
Canada
Whooping Cranes originally nested only in ____
South America
Most tanagers are found in ____
Goatsuckers
The Nightjars and Tawny Frogmouth are members of the group known as the ____
diving from the air for fish
Terns feed by ___
60 million
North American grasslands once supported ____ Buffalo.
30
The Desert biome lies about ___ degrees north and south of the equator.
False
All owls are strictly nocturnal hunters
Taiga
The three-toed Woodpecker inhabits the ____ biome.
South America
Historically, grasslands in ____ have the fewest species of large grazing herbivores.
Indonesia
Janet Larsen of the Earth Policy Institute wrote that i the 50 years up to 2002, ___ had lost about 40% of its forest cover.
cuckoos
Groove-billed Anis are related to the ____
Verdin
The ____ is a chickadee-like species indigenous to the southwest and Mexico, that belongs to a distinct family.
howler
The___ monkeys of the New World are arboreal foliovores.
seals
____ are the main prey of Polar Bears.
nose
Old and New World monkeys differ especially in the structure of the ____
17
In the American Southwest as many as ____ Hummingbird species are known to occur.
South Africa
The so-called Fynbos occurs in ___
zygodactyl
Woodpeckers have ____ feet, where two toes point forward and one or two point backward
shedding snow
Trees in the Taiga are often pyramid shaped as an adaptation for ____.
pale fur
As an adaptation to reflect sunlight, the Arabian Oryx has____
Herons
Roseate Spoonbills are in the same group as the ___
True
The main trees in temperate forests of Australia are evergreens.
< 25 cm
Across the Tundra the annual rainfall averages ____ per year.
poor farming practices
The so-called Dust Bowl of the early twentieth century was the result of ____.
New Zealand
Thrushes are found worldwide except in ____
Australia
The Tawny Frogmouth is a common bird in ___.
False
Because winters are so long in the Taiga there are very few biting insects in summer.
Australia
Horned Larks are not native to ____.
eiders
____ are sea ducks of the high artic that are adapted for diving and feeding on invertebrates.
Australia
Bower Birds are found in ____.
pigeons
Dodos were in the same group as the ____.
Mascarenes
The Dodos and Solitaires were native only to the ___.
lizard
Temperate forests do not have a very high diversity of ___ species.
False
The White-headed Woodpecker is a highly adapted species that lives only in Old Growth Forests of the Pacific Northwest
cotton
Vast areas of the steppe in the old Soviet Union were plowed under to raise ___ and irrigated with water from the Aral Sea.
kingfishers
The Hoopoe is a European and African species in the same group as the ___.
Eric Pianka
____ wrote a book on communities of lizards in deserts around the world.
Australia
The New Holland Honey-eater is native to____
shorebirds
Jaegers and Skuas feed on mammals and birds that are actually closely related to ____
False
As a group, sandpipers all have very long legs and beaks.
________ are birds of taiga like habitats that feed almost exclusively on pine seeds and often have irruptive flights
Crossbills
Taiga occurs in South America as well as Canada and Russia
False
Marmosets and Tamarins occur in
South America
Trees in the Taiga are often pyramid shaped as an adaptation for
shedding snow
The main tree in Old Growth forests of the Pacific Northwest is not the Giant Seqouia
true
The species in the group platyrrhini are
New World monkeys
North American grasslands once supported ______ Buffalo
60 millon
Crassulacean acid metabolism is a type of photosynthesis seen in many ___ plants
Desert
The so-called Thorny Devil is a lizard indigenous to
Austrialia
Bower Birds are found in
Austrialia
The Old Growth forests of the Pacific Northwest have evolved in conjunction with
An orographic effect
Seasonality is an important characteristic of the ______biome
Temperate forest
The varied thrush is a species found in the most understory of
Old Growth
The main characteristic of deserts is low rainfall
True
Northern Spotted Owls feed chiefly on
Wood rats
The main characteristic of deserts is high temperatures
False
Vast areas of the steppe in the old Soviet Union were plowed under to raise ____ and irrigated with water from the Aral Sea.
Cotton
Matorral is a sub-biome of Western Africa
False
Scientists at the ____ reported that Woodcock were declining due to forest maturation throughout the Eastern Deciduous Forest
Ruffed Grouse Society
The Maned Wolf is a predator of grasslands in
South America
The Great Sandy Desert is
Australia
Biomes are basicially a product of latitude and
Elevation
Myrmecophagous mammals are those that eat chiefly
Ants and termites
Many bird species that nest in the temperate forest are considered neotropical migrants
True
Prehensile tails are typical of _____ monkey
Larger New World
Janet Larsen of the Earth Policy Institute wrote that in the 50 years up to 2002,______ had lost about 40% of its forest cover.
Indonesia
Most woodpeckers have feet with ____ toes.
4
The species in the group catarrhini are
Old World Monkeys
The Australian tropics are home to _____ species of monkeys
Of the following only the _____ are true arboreal foliovoes
Sloths
______ are insectivorous mammals with very high metabolic rates that are found in Eastern Deciduous Forest of North America
Shrews
The White-headed Woodpecker is a highly adapted species that lives only in Old Growth Forests of the Pacific Northwest
false
______ wrote a book on communities of lizards in deserts around the world
Eric Pianka
Janet Larsen of the Earth Policy Institute wrote that in the year 2000, the US imported as much as $330 million in logs taken illegally from Indonesia
True
Temperate forests do not have a very high diversity of _____ species
Lizard
New World and Old World Monkeys have been isolated since the _____ epoch
Eocene
_____ is a process that occurs in a temperate forest following a fire or some other form of natural deforestation
Secondary succession
The _______ is the basic form of photosynthesis
Calvin cycle
Hornbills are found in
Old World Tropics
The ____ appears to be a species that is declining due to protection of forests from succession
Rufous-sided Towhee
_______ are sea ducks of the high arctic that are adapted for diving and feeding on invertebrates
Eiders
______ are arboreal foliovores of the Australian temperate forests
Koalas
The ____ are desert adapted rodents that live mostly in Africa
Jerboas
Switch grass is typical of ____ prairie.
Midgrass
_____ are tiny pore in the leaves of vascular plants
Stomata
Notofagus is a common tree genus in temperate forests of
South America
According to a book by Baldasarre, Bolen, and Sayre, a female Snow Goose can lose up to _% of her body masss during the nesting cycle
40
The ___ are thought to represent the world’s most primitive living rodent
Mountain Beaver
Old and New World monkeys differ especially int he structure of the
Nose
Harris reported that about _% of the vertebrates of Old Growth forests were reptiles and amphibians
12
The so-called Fynbos occurs in
South Africa
The so-called climax vegetation refers to the ____ in an anrea
Original vegetation
The invention of ___ around 1870 ha a major effect on land use patterns in the Great Plains
Barbed wire
The Three-toed Woodpecker inhabits the ____ biome.
Taiga
Most woodpeckers have feet with _ toes
4
________ are the main prey of Polar Bears
Seals
The _____ monkeys of the New World are arboreal foliovores
Howler
The Moloch is lizard that bears a close resemblance to _______ in North America
Horned lizards
“Liming” is a stop-gap measure to protect lakes form the effects of _____
Acid rain
As described in the Biome Reference chapter North American grasslands fall into ____ board zones.
3
The ______ are birds of Old World deserts that fly long distances to soak up water in their belly feathers to transport to their young
Sand grouse
______ are a species that is causing widespread destruction of habitat in the Tundra
Snow geese
As an example of convergent evolution Ichthyosaurus resemble _____
Sharks
Across the Tundra the annual rainfall averages ______ per year
<25 cm
The Desert biome lies about ___ degrees north and south of the eqautor
30
Desert plants in Africa in the family Gramminaceae have converged with North American species of Cactaceae
False
___ species of conifers grow to heights in excess of 200 feet in the Old Growth forests
10
Historically, grasslands in ____ are especially rich in large grazing herbivore species
Africa
Richard Yahner of Pennsylvania State University wrote a book that classified Eastern Deciduous forests into ______ categories
4
Australia currently supports wild population of one-humped camels that numbers around
100,000
The _____ monkeys of the Old World are arboreal foliovores
Colobus
The African pygmy elephant appears to be morphologically similar to the _____ of South America
Capybara
Zoogeographic regions are based on
Evolutionary history
_____ are Australian mammals that feed almost exclusively on termites
Numbats
_____ are extensions on the trunk of some tropical trees that supports them in shallow soils
Buttresses
Desert scrub and thorn forest are two sub-biomes you would encounter in
Western Mexico
Game birds of the Taiga typically have ___ feathers as an adaption for absorbing sunlight
Dark-colored
The wettest spot on Earth is in a tropical forest
On an island
Although extinct in the wild in the 1970s the Arabian Oryx has been re-introduced to the nation of
Oman
Acid rain is a threat that has particularly affected _____ in North America
Temperate forests
The Flinthills of Kansas support a vast native ____ prairie
Tall grass
The ______ is an example of a cold Desert
Gobi
Badgers are a predator that preys on
Ground squirrels
______ is an example of a tall grass species
Gama grass
Professor Larry Harris who wrote a classic book entitled ” The Fragmented Forest” was a professor at the University of Florda
True
Goannas were gigantic ______ that once roamed Australia
Lizards
As an adaption to reflect sunlight the Arabian Oryx has
Pale fur
Shrew-moles are a characteristic species of
Old growth forests
Historically, grasslands in _____ have the fewest species of large grazing herbivores
South Amerca
Because winters are so long in the Taiga there are very few biting insects in summer
False
The so-called Dust Bowl of the early twentieth century was the result of
Poor farming practices
The main tree in temperate forests of Australia are evergreens
True
The top predator in Siberian Taiga is the
Siberian Tiger
The _____ is a weasel like Taiga animal that feeds on Porcupines
Fisher
Sonoma and Red Tree voles live only
South of the Columbia River
A cere is a characteristic of ___
Parrots
The tawny frogmouth is a common bird species in
Australia
Gulls as a group are chiefly scavengers
True
Members of the heron and egret group are characterized by having ___
Naked lores
Whooping cranes originally nested only in ___
Canada
According to one reference, there are ___ species of hummingbirds in costa rica alone
51
Female ___ are brightly colored while males have duller plumage
Phalaropes
Herons and egrets feed chiefly on ___
Fish
Groove-billed anis are related to the ___
Cuckoos
In the American southwest as many as ___ hummingbird species are known to occur
17
Woodpeckers have ___ feet, where 2 toes point forward and 1 or 2 point backward
Zygodactyl
The dodos and solitaires were native only to the ___
Mascarenes
Terns feed by ___
Diving from the air for fish
Galahs are species of ___
Parrot
In the eastern US there is/are ___ common species of hummingbird
1
Wood storks and ___ both have un-feathered heads
Vultures
American bitterns are in the same group as the ___
Herons
The crested pigeon is native to ___
Australia
Owls have feet that are oriented like those of the ___
Woodpeckers
A grey-tailed mountain gem is a species of ___
Hummingbird
The nightjars and tawny frogmouth are members of the group known as the ___
Goatsuckers
Roseate spoonbills are in the same group as the ___
Herons
Jaegers and skuas feed on mammals and birds and are actually closely related to ___
Shorebirds
Toucanets are related to ___
Woodpeckers
The main food of limpkins is ___
Mollusks
All owls are strictly nocturnal hunters
False
Galahs are native to ___
Australia
Kookaburras are related to the ___
Kingfishers
The ___ plover nests far inland on grasslands
Mountain
As a group, sandpipers all have very long legs and beaks
False
The ___ are mostly pelagic species in the shorebird group that feed by diving for fish
Alcids
Hummingbirds are found only in the new world
True
The ___ are shorebirds that feed by spinning around in the water to stir up food items
Phalaropes
Dodos were in the same group as the ___
Pigeons
Numerous species of flightless ___ evolved on oceanic islands
Rails
___ are a species that are related to Terns that feed by flying low with their lower mandable in the water
Skimmers
All plovers either lack or have a vestigial (=reduced) ___
Hallux
Most woodpecker species have 3 toes
False
The hoopoe is a European and African species in the same group as the ___
Kingfishers
Currawongs are native to ___
Australia
A brushy tongue is characteristic of the ___
Honey-eaters
The northern mockingbird is most closely related to ___
Thrashers
Shrikes are found worldwide except for ___
Australia
There are ___ native species of crows and jays in New Zealand
Titmice are in the same family as the ___
Chickadees
Honey-eaters were not found naturally in Hawaii
False
___ are common passerine birds that occur worldwide except for south America
Crows
There are ___ species of waxwings worldwide
3
Nuthatches and creepers are members of the same family
False
The ___ is a chickadee-like species indigenous to the southwest and mexico, that belongs to a distinct family
Verdin
The ___ are sluggish insect gleaning foragers
Vireos
The kinglets are a family found only in the old world
False
Mynas and starlings belong to a family that is widespread on oceanic islands but absent from Africa
False
Most tanagers are found in ___
South America
The ___ are passerine birds that forage by impaling small animals on thorns
Shrikes
The ___ family is the largest family that is found just in the new world
Tyrannidae
Thrushes are found worldwide except in ___
New Zealand
The new Holland honey-eater is native to ___
Australia
The yellow-bellied siskin is a type of ___
Finch
The ___ are passerine species that are similar to swifts
Swallows
Redpolls are in the same group as the ___
Red-crested cardinals
There is a native species of crow found only in Hawaii
True
North American gnatcatchers are in same family as the ___
Old World warblers
Titmice are in the same family as ___
Chickadees
Horned larks are not native to ___
Australia
Three-wattled bellbirds are indigenous to the ___
Neotropics
Shrikes are found worldwide except for ___
Australia
The bobolink is related to the ___
Blackbirds
___ are the main prey of polar bears
Seals
Most tanagers are found in ___
South America
___ is an example of a tall grass species
Gama grass
The main trees in temperate forests of Australia are evergreens
True
All plovers either lack or have a vestigial ___
Hallux
The desert biome lies about ___ degrees north and south of the equator
30
Janet Larsen of the earth policy institute wrote that in the 50 years up to 2002, ___ had lost about 40% of its forest cover
Indonesia
Crassulacean acid metabolism is a type of photosynthesis seen in many ___ plants
Desert
Marmosets and tamarins occur in ___
South America
Richard yahner of Pennsylvania state university wrote a book that classified eastern deciduous forests into ___ categories
4
The ___ appears to be a species that is declining due to protection of forests from succession
Rufous-sided towhee
As an adaptation to reflect sunlight, the Arabian oryx has ___
Pale fur
Across the tundra the annual rainfall averages ___ per year
<25 cm
As described in the biome reference chapter north American grasslands fall into ___ broad zones
3
The great sandy desert is in ___
Australia
Most woodpeckers have feet with ___
4
As an example of convergent evolution Ichthyosaurs resemble ___
Sharks
___ are sea ducks of the high arctic that are adapted for diving and feeding on invertebrates
Eiders
Scientists at the ___ reported that woodcock were declining due to forest maturation throughout the eastern deciduous forest
Ruffed grouse society
Desert plants in africa in the family gramminaceae have converged with north American species of cactaceae
False
Vast areas of the steppe in the old soviet union were plowed under to raise ___ and irrigated with water from the aral sea
Cotton
Most woodpecker species have three toes
False
Although extinct in the wild in the 1970s the Arabian oryx has been reintroduced to the nation of ___
Oman
The ___ is the basic form of photosynthesis
Calvin cycle
___ are extensions on the trunk of some tropical trees that supports them in shallow soils
Buttresses
Zoogeographic regions are based on ___
Evolutionary history
Temperate forests do not have a very high diversity of ___ species
Lizard
The flinthills of Kansas support a vast native ___ prairie
Tallgrass
Northern spotted owls feed chiefly on ___
Wood rats
Sonoma and red tree voles live only ___
South of the Columbia river
Myrmecophagous mammals are those that eat chiefly ___
Ants and termites
___ are birds of taiga like habitat that feed almost exclusively on pine seeds and often have irruptive flights
Crossbills
The main characteristics of deserts is high temperatures
False
First fungi evolved in
ordovician
conifers evolved in
permian
chloroplasts are found only in kingdom plantae
false
oparin did experiments in
chemical evolution
dna in the nuclei in eukaryotic cells is complexed with
proteins
pasteur bent necks of glass flasks to prevent from reaching water
bacteria
stanley milller combined methane and in water
ammonia
endosymbiosis theory argues a relationship between two cells
mutualistic
pasteur did an experiment to show there was no spontaneous generation
true
reids experiment involved denying access to meat
flies
some of pasteurs flasks are still on display today
true
pigment molecules are found in the
chloroplasts
first period of the cenozoic
tertiary
redi did an experiment to show that meat didnt produce maggots by process of
spontaneous generation
era broken into epochs
cenozoic
fist hominids appeared at end of
tertiary
bony fish evolved in the period if palezoic
ordovician
prokaryotic cells contain
rna
protenoid spheres could have evolved via
self assembly
stanley miller was able to produce synthetic
amino acids
first dinos appeared in the
triassic
period of first vascular plants
silurian
endosymbiosis theory argues small pro cells engulfed by
larger pro cells
multicellularity might have evolved by incomplete cell division
true
both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes
true
site for aerobic respiration in eukaryotes
mitochondria
most scientists think the earth is
4.5 billion years old
oparin converted nitro, oxy, and hydro to
amino acids
multicellularity might have evolved from coloniality
true
pleistocene epoch ended roughly
8000 years ago
bacteria like dna found in eukaryotes
mitochondria
some ammonia is materialized as
nh4+
carbon is stored mostly as fossil fuels, co2 and in
vegetation
ecological niche of a species may be based on
any of these
some nitrogen is fixed by lightning
true
conversion of n2 to nh3 is exergonic
false
rabbit an example of
primary consumer
ecological pyramids illustrate amount of at various trophic levels
biomass
in a food web animals are never
primary producers
tropics may habor mire species with narrower niches than temperate plants
true
many ecologists argue that ecological efficiencies are about
10%
denitrification is conversion of to n2
no2
temperate species may tend to be more ecologically specialized than their tropical counterparts
false
highly specialized for diet of apple snails
everglades kite
ammonia is a gas and has chemical formula
nh3
in photosynthesis co2 is converted to h20 and
sugars
symbiotic relationship between plant and Rhizobium is
mutualistic
northern mockingbirds were introduced successfully to
hawaiian islands
most gaseous nitrogen in atmosphere exists in form of
n2
through evolutionary process, species may become increasingly adapted for narrower environmental conditions and this can make them more rare
true
another name for primary producers
autotroph
lower part of atmosphere
troposphere
ecological pyramids were brain child of
charles elton
top predator in food chain is
tertiary consumer
Rhizobium is found in nodules in association with
legumes
greenhouse gas most affected by human activities
co2
plants take up inorganic nitrates and convert them to organic compounds
assimilation
plants take up water from soil and move it to atmosphere
transpiration
example of habit specialized species
cape sable seaside sparrow
water moves through soil to groundwater by process of
percolation
conversion of amino acids back to is called ammonification
nh3
energy in biological systems mostly exists in form of
atp
Rhizobium is an example of a that plays a role in nitrogen fixation
bacteria
conversion of ammonium ions to nitrates
nitrification
photosynthesis is essentially
carbon fixation
denitrification occurs only
when 02 is not available
according to theory of natural selection
more individuals of a species are born than can survive
in the mis-19th century people mostly believed that species were
immutable
darwin published “origin of species” in
1859
erectile feathers on the head are a sexually selected trait in
prairie chickens
darwin based his theory partly on observations of farm animals
true
not a tetrapod
sea lamprey
darwins theory of natural selection assumes that
individuals vary
darwin found fossils of at high elevations, suggesting that the Earth had changed over time
marine invertebrates
according to theory of “inheritance of acquired characteristics” individuals transformed following
perceived environmental stress
there are embryonic tissue layers
3
it is now well known that places have fewer species
temperate zone
darwin argued that those individuals that were naturally selected
had more offspring
example of sexually selected trait in passerine birds
plumage dichromatism
mechanisms for sexual selection follow
2
species of deer in which both males and females have antlers
caribou
structures in different species such as the wings of insects and bats, are said to be analogous as they
have different embryological origins
theory of “inheritance of acquired characteristics” was advanced by
lamarck
according to darwin’s theory a bat’s wing is homologous with a
penguin flipper
darwin noted that there were no native in Australian grasslands
rabbits
male sage grouse have as a sexually selected trait
colored air sacs
darwins theory requires that the
earth was very old
darwin observed that there were no on oceanic islands
large herbivorous mammals
darwin used evidence from to imagine the concept of ” Centers of Origin”
giant armadillo fossils
upper bone in the forearms of all tetrapods
humerus
in the forearm of tetrapods, the radius is always paired with the
ulna
in the deutrotosome line, the blastopore becomes the
anus
paclitaxel is used as an anti agent
cancer
there are embryonic tissue layers in evolutionarily more advanced animals
3
bacteria play an especially important role in the cycle
nitrogen
zygote has sets of chromosomes
2
the archenteron forms from the
blastocoel
dorsal hollow nerve cord is a characteristic of just the
chordates
cells in the morgula migrate and arrange themselves to form a hollow ball of cells
true
class has the greatest number of vertebrate species
osteichthyes
toxic modes of chemicals often affect the in cells
mitochondria
developmental stage during which embryonic genes turn on
gastrula
seeds evolved during the
paleozoic
plants invaded land during the
paleozoic
first vascular plants evolved in the
paleozoic
according to lewis wolpert is the most important event in a person’s life
gastrulation
pharyngeal gill slits are a characteristic of just the
chordates
intracellular digestion is characteristic of
sponges
rotifers are characterized by having a
pseudocoelom
bacteria chiefly play an important role in ecosystems
decomposition
tree apparently produces paclitaxel
pacific yew
fungi are characterized by having cells with a cell wall made of
chitin
the platyhelminthes are the
flatworms
a true coelom is not seen in
round worms
protosomes have cleavage
spiral
highly toxic form of mercury that is formed by action of bacteria
methyl
deadly poison produced by some mushrooms
amanitin
fungicide used widely in Florida in the 80s and 90s
benlate
deuterotosomes have cleavage
radial
kingdom of species with prokaryotic cells
monera
only species of vertebrates have
true bone
embryonic tissue layer that lines embryonic gut
endoderm
pseudocoelom is typical of the
nematodes
at fertilization a single cell is formed
zygote
tetrahymena is a genus in the kingdom often used in toxicology studies
protista
native birds in hawaii were infected with by mosquitoes
malaria
all chordate characteristics are seen through the lives of the individual
false
in the protosome line, the blastopore becomes the
mouth
types of secondary body cavity seen in animalia
2
echinodermata is a phylum of
deuterostomes
ratfishes belong to the same vertebrate class as
sharks
all members of the phylum chordata share characters
4
choanocytes are characteristic of
sponges
protists involved in forming red tides
dinoflagellates
organisms that formed the white cliffs of dover
foraminiferans
in the development of animals is the primary body cavity
archenteron
lampreys and hagfishes belong to the class
agnatha
hemichordates are
deuterostomes
digitalin is a compound produced by a certain
plant
african sleeping sickness is caused by a
protist
chagas disease is caused by a
protist
malaria is caused by a
protist
lizards with specifically adapted toe pads for clinging to vertical surfaces
geckos
terrestrial caecilians are mostly adapted for
burrowing
all turtles are egg layers
true
american crocodile is still found on various islands in the caribbean
true
spadefoot toads are native to
north america
cone nosed toads are adapted for burrowing
true
tree lizards inhabit
pinyon juniper woodland
eyelash viper has a between the eye and nostril
heat detecting pit
gecko is a common introduced lizard in Gainesville
mediterranean
endemic family of frogs existed on the islands
seychelles
example of herbivorous lizard
green iguana
mexican parrot snake is a type of forager
seize and swallow
garter snakes are type foragers
seize and swallow
giant salamander is
1.6 meters
in florida, gators hunted recreationally
true
species of chameleon has been introduced to florida
true
plastron refers to part of a turtles
shell
development of young from unfertilized eggs
parthenogenesis
an endemic family of frogs is found on a series of oceanic islands formed by
continental drift
very fast predators that feed by running down their prey
whiptails
largest species of sea turtles
leatherback
chameleons are able to change their body color because of specialized cells called
chromatophores
less evolutionarily advanced salamanders are mostly
acquatic
according to the florida museum of natural history, there are species of crocodilians worldwide
23
roughly species of caecilians
165
python introduced to the everglades and apparently is becoming established there
burmese
temperature dependent sex determination was discovered in a study of
red eared turtles
anole is a common species introduced to florida
cuban
mordern order squamata likely descended from the fossil reptile group
archosauria
no native species of chameleons in madagascar
false
american crocodiles are widespread and abundant in florida
false
according to a team of researchers, giant tortoises once occurred on all the continents except
australia
nile crocodile is the largest crocodile species in
africa
species of poison arrow frog has been successfully introduced to the baltimore area where it has implicated in the reduction of roaches
false
of the sea turtles only the is chiefly herbivorous
green sea turtle
smaller turtles are mostly adapted for feeding on
insects
salamanders reach their highest diversity in
northern hemisphere
pythons differ from boas in that boas are
live bearers
scavenger that may occasionally kill and eat mammals
komodo dragon
caecilians are not found in the tropics of
australia
parthenogenesis is seen in about 1/3 of the species in the lizard genus
cnemidophorus
dorsal part of a turtles shell is called the
carapace
introduced nile monitor in florida may possibly become a threat to native
burrowing owls
desert iguana is indigenous to
american southwest
roughly species of salamanders
310
among the amphibia several species are adapted for feeding on plants as adults
false
lizards feed on eggs, small mammals and birds
monitor
snake venom is made of
proteins
the largest salamander is native to
japan
the anhinga or snake bird is actually in the same order as the
pelicans
rheas have toes per foot
3
about species of birds in the world
9700
collecting bird nests and eggs was once a popular past time among the wealthy
true
about half the species of birds in the world belong to the order
passeriformes
ratite birds are characterized by having a
flat sternum
diving ducks mostly feed on
invertebrates
in various species of grouse, the males come to a common site called and attempt to attract mates by inflating air sacs and chasing other males
lek
example of a perching duck that is native to south america
muscovy
the hoatzin is a species native to
south america
example of dabbling duck
mallards
broad winged soaring species
buetos
in england another name for loons
divers
loons have suffered declines on their breeding grounds due to
acid rain
wrote fascinating book called island waterfowl
milton weller
grebes are loon-like birds with feet
lobed
whistling ducks were once called
tree ducks
of the ratites only has just two toes
ostrich
species in the pelican-cormorant group have feet
totipalmate
one species of bird with a keen sense of smell
turkey vulture
white pelicans differ from other members of the order in that they do not
dive from the air for food
diving and dabbling ducks plumage
dichromatic
swan and geese plumage
monochromatic
species of mergansers in north america
3
long tailed and short winged acrobatic fliers that mostly feed on birds
accipiters
elephant bird was native to new guinea
false
several captively bred california condors have been released in
arizona
pelagic bird like the tubenoses live
far out at sea
emus have toe per foot
3
birds descended from the subclass of fossil reptiles
archosauria
claws on its wings to help it climb through vegetation
hoatzin
dabbling ducks characteristically feed in
shallow water
example of a diving duck
scaup
species of kiwi
3
considered a sea duck although it lives mostly inland
common goldeneye
albatrosses are grouped with the
shearwaters
african ratites introduced to australia
ostriches
petrels are related to
shearwaters
once called the pigeon hawk
merlin
Honey-eaters were not found naturally in Hawaii
False
The ____ are passerine birds that forage by impaling small animals on thorns
Shrikes
The northern mockingbird is most closely related to the
Thrashers
Titmice are in the same family as the
Chickadees
Most tangers are found in
South America
The kinglets are a family found only in the old world
False
There is a native species of crow found only in Hawaii
True
The bobolink is related to the
Blackbirds
The yellow-bellied Siskin is a type of
Finch
Three wattled bellbirds are indigenous to the
Neotropics
There are ___ native species of crows and jays in new Zealand
Nuthatches and creepers are members of the same family
False
Shrikes are found worldwide except for
Australia
Horned larks are not native to
Australia
The ___is a chickadee like species indigenous to the southwest and Mexico
Verdin
Mynas and starlings belong to a family that is widespread on oceanic islands but absent from Africa
False
The ___are sluggish insect gleaming foragers
Vireos
A brushy tongue is characteristic of the
Honey-eaters
The ___arevpasserine species that are similar to swifts
Swallows
Thrushes are found worldwide except in
New Zealand
There are ___ species of waxwings worldwide
3
Redpolls are in the same group as the
Red-crested cardinal
The new holland honey eater is native to
Australia
North American gnatcatchers are in the same family as the
Old world warblers
The ____ family is the largest family that is found just in the new world
Tyrannidae
The ___ are passerine species that are similar to swifts
Swallows
___ are common passerine birds that occur worldwide except for south America
Crows
Currawongs are native to
Australia
The endosymbiosis theory argues that a ___ relationship was established between two cells
Mutualistic
Redi’s experiment involved denying ___ access to decaying meat
Flies
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes
True
Pasteur did an experiment to show that there was no
Spontaneous generation
The bony fish evolved in the ___ period of the Paleozoic
Ordovician
____ was the first period of the Cenozoic
Tertiary
Some of pasteurs sterile water flasks are still on display today
True
Chloroplasts are found only in members of the kingdom plantae
False
The ___ era is broken down into epochs
Cenozoic
The first dinosaurs appeared in the ___
Triassic
The endosymbosis theory argues that small prokaryotic cells were engulfed by
Larger prokaryotic cells
Pigment molecules are found in the
Chloroplasts
Conifers evolved in the
Permian
DNA in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells is complexed with
Proteins
Multicellularity might have evolved by incomplete cell division
True
Prokaryotic cells contain
RNA
The first hominids appeared at the end of the
Tertiary
Most scientists think the earth is ___ years old
4.5 billion
Bacteria like DNA is found in the ___ of eukaryotes
Mitochondria
Multicellularity might have evolved from coloniality
True
Stanley miller was able to produce synthetic
Amino acids
Oparin did experiments in
Chemical evolution
Pasteur bent the slender necks of glass flasks to prevent ___from reaching sterile water
Bacteria
The Pleistocene epoch ended roughly ___ years ago
8000
Protenoid spheres could have evolved via
Self-assembly
The ___ is the period of the first vascular plants
Silurian
The first fungi evolved in the
Ordovician
___ are the site for aerobatic respiration in eukaryotes
Mitochondria
The bony fish evolved in the ___ period of the Paleozoic
Ordovician
The ____ era is broken down into epochs
Cenozoic
Oparin converted elemental nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen to
Amino acids
the main tree in the old growth forests of the pacific northwest is not the giant sequoia
true
the ____ appears to be a species that is declining due to protection of forests from succession
rufous-sides towhee
hornbills are found in
old world tropics
janet larson of the earth policy institute wrote that in the 50 years up to 2003 ____ had lost about 40% of its forest cover
indonesia
most woodpeckers have feet with____ toes
4
old growth forests of the pacific northwest have evolved in conjunction with
an orographic effect
harris reported that about ____% of the vertebrates of old growth forests were reptiles and amphibians
12
game birds of the taiga typically have ____ feathers as an adaption for absorbing sunlight
dark-colored
trees in the taiga are often pyramid shaped as an adaption for
shedding snow
the african pygmy elephant appears to be morphologically similar to ____ of south america
capybara
liming is a stop gap measure to protect lakes form the effects of
acid rain
the so called dust bowl of the early twentieth century was the result of
poor farming practices
the so called fynbos occurs in
south america
northern spotted owls feed chiefly on
wood rats
although extinct in the wild in the 1970s the arabian oryx has been reintroduced to the nation of
oman
the main characteristics of deserts is high temperatures
false
the australian tropics are home to ___ species of monkeys
historically, grasslands in ___ are especially rich in large grazing herbivore species
africa
the so called climax vegetation refers to the ___ in an area
original vegetation
professor larry harris who wrote a classic book was a professor at the university of florida
true
___ are a species that is causing widespread destruction of habitat in the tundra
snow geese
of the following only the ___ are true arboreal foliovores
sloths
___ are insectivous mammals with very high metabolic rates that are found in eastern deciduous forest of the north america
shrews
___ wrote a book on communities of lizards in deserts around the world
eric pianka
sonoma and red tree voles live only ___
south of the columbia river
myrmecophagous mammals are those that eat chiefly
ants and termites
matorral is a sub biome of western africa
false
the species in the group platyrrhini are
new world monkeys
as an adaption to reflect sunlight the arabian oryx has
pale fur
taiga occurs in south america as well as canada and russia
false
the ___ is an example of a cold desert
gobi
the desert biome lies about ___ degrees north and south of the equator
30
badgers are a predator that preys on
ground squirrels
the main characteristic of deserts is low rainfall
true
___ are sea ducks of the high arctic that are adapted for diving and feeding on invertebrates
eiders
desert plants in africa in the family gramminaceae have converged with north americn species of cactaceae
false
the main trees in temperate forests of australia are evergreens
true
prehensile tails are typical of ___ monkeys
larger new world
temperate forests do to have a very high diversity of ___ species
lizard
new world and old world monkeys have been isolated since the ___ epoch
eocene
as described in the biome reference chapter north american grasslands fall into ___broad zones
3
marmosets and tamarins occur in
south america
the ____ are thought to represent the worlds most primitive living rodent
mountain beaver
switch grass is typical of ___ prairie
midgrass
the three toed woodpecker inhabits the ___ biome
taiga
because winters are so long in the taiga there are very few biting insects in summer
false
the invention of ___ around 1870 had a major effects on land use patterns in the great plains
barbed wire
the varied thrush is a species found in the understory of
old growth
goannas were gigantic ____ that once roamed australia
lizard
seasonality is an important characteristic of the ___ biome
temperate forest
historically grasslands in ___ have fewest species of large grazing herboviores
south america
zoogeographic regions are based on
evolutionary history
acid rain is a threat that has particularly affected ____ in north america
temperate forests
the white-headed woodpecker is a highly adapted species that lives only in old growth of the pacific northwest
false
are arboreal foliovores of the australian temperate forest
koalas
the species in the group catarrhini are
old world monkeys
the ____ is the basic form of photosynthesis
calvin cycle
many bird species that nest in the temperate forest are considered neoropical migrants
true
the maned wolf is a predator of grasslands in
south america
the top predator in siberian taiga is the
siberian tiger
goannas were gigantic ____ that once roamed australia
lizards
____ are birds of taiga like habitats that feed almost exclusively on pine seeds and often have irruptive fights
crossbills
the wettest spot on earth is in a tropical forest
on an island
janet larson of the earth policy
true
the ____ monkeys of the new world are arboreal foliovores
howler
____ are arboreal foliovores of the australian temperate forests
koalas
the great sandy desert is in
australia
___ are extensions on the trunk of some tropical trees
buttresses
notofagus is a common tree genus in temperate forests of
south america
of the following only the ____ are true arboreal foliovores
sloths
the main characteristics of desserts is high temperatures
false
old and new world nom keys differ especially in the structure of the
nose
the flint hills of kansas support a vast native ____ prairie
tallgrass
vast areas of the steppe in the old soviet union were plowed under to raise ___ irrigated with water from the
sea
the ___ is a weasel like taiga animal that feeds on porcupines
fisher
____ are main prey of polar bears
seals
the african pygmy elephant appears to be morphologically similar to the ____ of south africa
capybara
the so called thorny devil is a lizard indigenous to
australia
the white headed woodpecker is a highly adapted species that lives only in old growth forests of the pacific northwest
false
scientists at the ____ reported that woodcock were declining due to forest maturation throughout the eastern deciduous forest
ruffed grouse society
matorral is a sub biome of western africa
false
switch grass is typical of ____ prairie
midgrass
richard yahner
4
north american grasslands once supported ___ buffalo
60 million
the ___ are desert adapted rodents that live mostly in africa
jerboas
the _____ are birds of the old world deserts that fly long distances to soak up water in there belly feathers to transport to their young
sand grouse
____ are tiny pores in in the leaves of vascular plants
stomata
australia currently supports a wild population of one humped camels that number around
100,000
____ are australian mammals that feed almost exclusively on termites
numbats
as an example of convergent evolution ichthyosaurs resemble
sharks
the maned wolf is a predator in the grassland of
south america
____ are species that is causing widespread destruction of habitat in the tundra
snow geese
the ___ monkeys of the old world are arboreal foliovores
colobus
____ is an example of a tall grass species
gama grass
shrew moles are a characteristic species of
old growth forests
the main characteristic of deserts is low rainfall
true
desert scrub and thorn forest are two sub biomes you would encounter in
western mexico
the main tree in old growth forests of the pacific northwest is not the giant sequoia
true
tower birds are found in
australia
the hornbills are found in
old world tropics
female snow goose can lose up to ____% of her body mass
40
___ species of conifer grow to heights in excess of 200 feet in the old growth forests
10
stones are basically a product of latitude and
elevation
___ is a process that occurs in a temperate forest following a fires or some other form of natural deforestation
secondary succession
across the tundra the annual rainfall averages ___ per year
<25
the great sandy desert is in
australia
old and new world monkeys differ especially in the structure of the
nose
crassulacean acid metabolism is type of photosynthesis seen in many
desert
in the year 2oo2 the us imported as much as
true
shrew moles are characteristic species of
old growth forests
galahs are native to
australia
a cere is a characteristic of the
parrots
female ____ are brightly colored while the males have a duller plumage
phalaropes
a grey tailed mountain gem is a species of
hummingbird
members of the heron and egret group are characterized by having
naked lores
kookaburras are related to the
kingfishers
dodos were in the same group as
pigeons
___ are species that are related to terns that feed by flying low with their lower mandible in the water
skimmers
the tawny frogmouth is a common bird in
australia
american bitterns are in the same group as the
herons
according to one reference there are ____ species of hummingbirds in costa rica alone
51
the ____ plover nests far inland on grasslands
mountain
gulls as a group are all chiefly scavengers
true
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