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3′ end
Which region of a tRNA molecule binds to amino acids?
It attaches a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.
Which of the following statements best describes the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
True
Each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is specific for one amino acid and a small number of tRNAs.
1800
A protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the number of nucleotides in the section of DNA that codes for this protein?
A Site, P Site, E Site
Once elongation is underway, tRNAs involved in the process occupy a series of sites on the complexed ribosome. The occupation of sites occurs in the following order.
is attached to the tRNA occupying the A site
When a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids, one is attached to the tRNA occupying the P site and the other _______.
a formyl group is attached to the initiating methionine
In bacteria, the methionine that initiates the formation of a polypeptide chain differs from subsequently added methionines in that _______.
complementary base pairing between mRNA and DNA
Translation in bacteria is directly dependent on all of the following associations except _______.
The small ribosomal subunit binds to an mRNA sequence near the 5′ end of the transcript
Which of the following best describes the first step in the formation of the translation initiation complex?
False
The ribosome moves down the mRNA in the 3′ to 5′ direction.
peptide bond formation during protein synthesis
The term peptidyl transferase relates to ________.
False
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are structurally and chemically identical.
The cells can grow on minimal medium + valine.
Which of the following statements is true of a Neurospora valine auxotroph?
valine instead of glutamic acid in the sixth position
The β chain of adult hemoglobin is composed of 146 amino acids of a known sequence. In comparing the normal β chain with the β chain in sickle cell hemoglobin, what alteration is one likely to find?
secondary
Which level of protein structure do β-pleated sheets and α helices represent?
the sequence of amino acids
The primary structure of a protein is determined by ________.
α-helix and β-pleated sheet
The secondary structure of a protein includes ________.
tRNA
mRNA
During translation, what molecule bears the anticodon? The codon?
The RNA that has the amino acid attached to it and that binds to the codon on the mRNA
tRNA
_______ of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA
termination
Amino acids are attached to the tRNA by enzymes called ___________
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
________ of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA
Initiation
The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called
translation
Which of the following statements about translation in prokaryotes are true?
In eukaryotes, mRNAs are much longer lived than prokaryotes
In eukaryotes, most mRNAs exist for hours rather than minutes prior to degradation by nucleases in the cell; thus they remain available much longer to orchestrate protein synthesis.
Once elongation is under way, tRNAs involved in the process occupy a series of sites on the complexed ribosome . The occupation of sites occur in the following order
A, P ,E
When a peptide bond is formed between 2 amino acids, one is attached to the tRNA occupying the P site and the other is
attached to the tRNA occupying the A site
Assume that a base addition occurs early in the coding region of a gene. Is the protein product of this gene expected to have more or fewer altered amino acids compared with the original gene with a base deletion late in the coding region?
more
Which region of a tRNA molecule binds to amino acids?
3′ end
The 3′ end of a tRNA molecule contains the amino acid binding site.
Which of the following statements best describes the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
It attaches a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase catalyzes the charging reaction that links a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.
True of false? Each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is specific for one amino acid and a small number of tRNAs
True
Each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme recognizes only one amino acid, but each enzyme can often recognize several tRNAs because there is usually more than one codon for each amino acid.
True or false? The ribosome moves down the mRNA in the 3′ to 5′ direction.
False
The ribosome moves down the mRNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction and synthesizes protein in the direction of carboxyl terminus to amino terminus.
A protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the number of nucleotides in the section of DNA that codes for this protein?
1800
In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.
Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
1. nucleus–>
2. cytoplasm—>
3. free ribosomes—>
4. chromatin—>
5. ribosomes—>
1. formation of ribosomal subunits
2. attachment of an amino acid to tRNA
3. translation of cytoplasmic proteins
4. transcription and RNA processing
5. translation of secreted proteins
What is utilized in transcription/RNA processing?
snRNA, pre-mRNA
What is utilized in translation?
rRNA,tRNA, mature mRNA
What is not used in protein synthesis?
RNA primers
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